Lecture 6- Respiratory Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza is from the… family. It’s genome is….

Is it enveloped?

A
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • segmented (-)ssRNA
  • yes
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2
Q

Adenovirus is from the… family. It’s genome is….

Is it enveloped?

A
  • Adenoviridae
  • dsDNA
  • no
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3
Q

Rhinovirus is from the… family. It’s genome is..

Is it enveloped?

A
  • Picornavirus
  • (+)ssRNA
  • no
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4
Q

How many types of influenza and which is most common and associated with the greatest concerns?

A

3 (A,B and C)

A is most common

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5
Q

Influenza… is the only type that has an animal reservoir

A

A

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6
Q

Influenza has…. segments

A

8

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7
Q

Influenza has a protein…. which is involved with cell attachment and a protein…. which is involved with viral budding and release

A

HA, hemagglutinin

NA, neuraminidase

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8
Q

Influenza is identified by surface antigens…. and …

A

HA

NA

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9
Q

Influenza has…. HA serotypes and …. NA serotypes

A

16

9

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10
Q

… is the major determinant in influenza in if it affects humans or birds

A

HA

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11
Q

HA sialic acid linkage of avians

A

alpha2,3 avian

alpha2,6 human

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12
Q

HA sialic acid linkage of humans

A

alpha2,6

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13
Q

Influenza virus first attaches which brings cell and virus membranes in close proximity, then there is a conformation change triggered by …. in endosome. This causes….
This is the model for all enveloped viruses.

A
  • pH change

- membrane fusion

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14
Q

Transcription and replication for the influenza virus takes place in the…
The… then escapes the nucleus and buds from cell surface.
**…. is critical to budding

A
  • nucleus
  • Protected genome (RNP core)
  • NA
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15
Q

Transmission of influenza is by…

A

aerosol, large and small droplets

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16
Q

Infectivity of influenza is greatest for particles …. microns

A

> 10

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17
Q

Incubation period for influenza is…

A

1-4 days

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18
Q

Influenza is an exception to the normal because it is an…. virus that replicates in the nucleus. Retroviruses do this as well but those have a DNA intermediate

A

RNA

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19
Q

What are the 2 currently circulating strains of influenza?

A

H1N1

H3N2

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20
Q

What are 4 possible complications of influenza?

A
  1. viral pneumonia
  2. bacterial pneumonia
  3. Reye syndrome (Type B+aspirin)
  4. Otitis media
21
Q

What is the reproductive # of influenza?

22
Q

Symptoms of flu and how many days it lasts

A

fever, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat

3-7 days

23
Q

The influenza virus mutates requiring a new vaccine development every year, this is called….

A

antigenic shift (drift?)

24
Q

The influenza vaccine is a…. vaccine and usually contains an…,… and…. strain

A
  • attenuated, live

- H3N2, H1N1 and type B strain

25
Antivirals of influenza are.... these block.... but development of resistance is common.
- amantidine, rimantidine | - entry and M2 activity
26
For influenza, .... blocks release of budding virions. Development of resistance is not common
Zanamivir/oseltamivir (tamiflu)
27
There have been... major pandemics of influenza
4
28
The 1918 .... flu was the.... strain and it caused 20-40 million deaths. Caused "cytokine storm" and affected healthy adults
spanish | H1N1
29
The 1957..... flu was the... strain and it caused 6 million deaths in mostly children and elderly
asian
30
The 1968.... flu was the... strain and caused 2 million deaths
hong kong | H3N2
31
The 2009-2010 .... caused 8000-18000 deaths
H1N1
32
The adenovirus is from the... family and its genome is.. | Is it enveloped?
- adenoviridae - dsDNA - no
33
Key proteins of the adenovirus
fiber- cell attachment penton base- cell entry heron-capsid
34
Entry of the adenovirus is by the.... receptor
coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)
35
Gene expression of the adenovirus is in... phases
3 | immediate-early, early, and late
36
Replication for the adenovirus happens in the...
nucleus
37
DNA replication of the adenovirus occurs during the... phase
S
38
Adenovirus: | ... inactivates pRb leading to S phase gene expression
E1A
39
Adenovirus: | .... inactivates p53 leading to S phase and preventing...
- E1B | - apoptosis
40
In adenovirus, the ... gene produces proteins important to host immune evasion
E3
41
Adenovirus blocks ... reducing CTL cell killing
MHC class I expression
42
Adenovirus blocks.... apoptosis
TNF induced
43
Adenovirus blocks ... and... action keeping protein...
- IFN-alpha - IFN-beta - translation active
44
Adenovirus infection symptoms are same as common cold, these are serotypes
1,2,5 and 6
45
Acute respiratory disease is severe pneumonia caused by the adenovirus and is serotypes.. common in crowded conditions (military)
4 and 7
46
Adenovirus is frequently used as ...
vectors
47
... is frequent cause of mild upper respiratory infections. ... are the only reservoir
rhinovirus | humans
48
are there antivirals or vaccines for rhino virus?
no