Lecture 9 - Grain Legumes Flashcards
legume family name
fabaceae
types of legumes
forages, pulses, grain, oil seeds, vegetables
why eat legumes
high protein, complex carbohydrate, source of iron zinc, vit b, folic acid, soluble fiber, gluten free
proteins are complementary to cereals (high in lysine)
low in sulfur containing amino acids
legume cereal ratio
3 cereal: 1 legume
common bean scientific name
phaseolus vulgaris L
are common beans self pollinated
yes
dry beans vs snap beans
dry beans = cultivated for mature seed
snap beans = selected for succulent, fiber free pods eaten at immature stage
2 centers of domestication for beans
Andean ( large seeded)
Mesoamerican: small and medium seeded
where is bean production primarily in Africa
highland areas or places with more moderate climate and higher rainfall
what beans types are most common in Africa
large seeded andean bush intercropped with corn
major pest of bean
bean fly
bean production constraints in the tropics
diverse environments
greater # of pests and disease
more problems with abiotic stress (heat, drought)
lack of infastructure
where is pigeon pea native to
Africa
what place grows 95% of worlds pigeon pea crop
india
pigeon pea is a major source of _____ to about 20% of world population
protein
______ is the most versatile legume with diversified uses such as food, feed, fodder, and fuel
pigeon pea
2 plant types of pigeon pea
dwarf and normal
constraints to growing pigeon pea
no availability of quality seed or improved varieties
low harvest index
long crop duration
pests
poor agronomic practices
what was the world first hybrid legume
hybrid pigeon pea
benefits of hybrid pigeon pea
160-180 days maturity, high yield, disease resistant, high seed quality
peanut (groundnut) scientific name
Arachis hypogaea
_____ is the 4th world leading oilseed crop after oil palm, soybean, and rapeseed
peanut
what area produces the most peanuts
asia
origin of peanut
near Bolivia, Uruguay, and Paraguay
where are peanuts native to
south america
2 subspecies of peanuts
hypogea and fasigiata
hypogea peanuts
dont flower on main stem
alternate branching
larger seed
mature later
high water requirement
fastigiata peanuts
produce flowers on main stem
sequential branching
smaller seed
mature earlier
lower water requirement
T/f: peanuts are perennial
f, they are annual
types of peanut varieties
bunch and runner
bunch peanut type
closely clustered nuts around base of plant
runner peanut type
nuts scattered along prostrate branches from base to tip
peanuts are ______ pollinated
self
what part of the flower in peanuts elongates to push peg into ground
the pedicel
peg
fertilized peanut ovary
factors affecting peanut maturity
weather, pest pressure, and fertility
what is the critical water stage for peanuts
40-110 days after planting. Cannot experience stress in last 30 days
how to determine when peanuts are ready to harvest
hull-scrape maturity test - based on color of mesocarp where the exocarp is removed and color changes from lighter to darker
when are peanut plants dug
when 70% of shells turn brown inside and peanuts are 25-50% dry
how dry should peanuts be for storage
less than 10%
Disease in peanuts
aflatoxin
