Lecture 17 - Coffee and Tea Flashcards
what is the economic part of coffee
the seed
what changes the color of coffee bean
temperature
origin of coffee
abyssinia (Ethiopia), then brought to Arabia
what was the name of the goatherder who discovered coffee
Kaldi
largest producer of coffee
Brazil
family of coffee
Rubiacea
types of coffee
c. arabica
c. canephora (robusta coffee)
c. liberica
what type of coffee accounts for 70-80% of world production
c. arabica. 2nd most popular is c. canephora
Arabica coffee plant description
tetraploid (self fertile)
15-24 C and 1300mm rain
best quality
susceptible to rust
smaller/less vigourous
robusta coffee plant description
diploid (self-incompatible)
24-30C and 1550mm rain
less flavour
resistant to rust
larger/more vigorous
which type of coffee is resistant to rust
robusta
coffee tree growth habit
orthotropic stem (erect growth)
plagiotropic stems with horizontal secondary stems that are fruiting woods
spacing for arabica and robusta coffee trees
arabica - 1350 tree/ha
rubusta - 900-1000 trees/ha
time to fruiting in coffee
3-4 years for mature plant
1 year on year old wood
methods of propagation for coffee
sexual from seed (especially for arabica)
asexual/stem cutting (for robusta)
pruning objective for coffee
maximize # plagiotrophic stems and shape trees to get good light penetration
how long does it take to get mature fruit in arabica and robusta coffee
arabica - 7-8 months
robusta - 11-12 months
diseases of coffee and control
Coffee rust - resistant varieties (robusta), Cu fungicide
Coffee berry rust
pest of coffee and control
coffee berry borer - controlled by berry removal, chemicals, IPM
how is coffee harvest done
most done by hand, some machine harvested
coffee fruit parts
exocarp (red skin), mesocarp (sweet pulp), endocarp , hull, testa (silvery), and bean (embryo and cotyledons)
wet method of coffee processing
separate bad berries and trash by floatation, good berries are depulped
fermented to remove mucus layer
dried by being spread out under sun or artificial heat
dry methods of processing coffee
cherries are kept whole. Intial drying on trees, than spread under sun to dry
pericarp is removed (mortar/pestle or machine), chaff removed, and sorted
how much moisture does light roast lose in coffee
3-5%
how much moisture does dark roast coffee lose
8-14%
strength of the brew is related to _____ and ______, not caffeine concentration
flavors and aromas
family of tea
Theaceae
scientific name of tea
Camellia sinensis
physical description of the tea plant
perennial evergreen bush/tree
what type of leaves are harvested for tea
the young leaves
types of tea
chinese tea and assam tea
origin of tea
east and south east asia
what are china teas
slow growing dwarf trees that are small. resistant to cold and low yielding
what are assam teas
quick growing taller trees that are adapted to tropical condtions
structure of tea plants
naturally a evergreen tree, under cultivation is trained as low spreading bush
tea is largely ____ pollinated
cross
tea propagation
from seeds for breeding
clonal through single node leaf cuttings for production
does tea need shade for best growth
many perform best without shade, but need shade for high heat areas or low input systems
tea training
are headed back to 20cm at plant
next year to 40cm
final year at 60cm
tea pruning
need to be cut back periodically to rejuvenate (prune below branches)
disease of tea
blister blight
what are the symptoms and control of blister blight of pea
symptoms - translucent spot that forms a blister. grey and white basidiospores liberated from blister
control - fungicides, resistant CVS
how is tea harvested
by hand
types of tea harvest
tips, fine plucking, and course plucking
tips tea harvest
bud only. gives best product
Fine plucking tea harvest
most common. Bud and 2 leaves picked
course plucking tea harvest
bud and 3 leaves
types of tea
green tea, oolong tea, black tea
green tea
not fermented. only china type tea
oolong tea
semi fermented
black tea
highest production. Fermented
