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PLSC 333 > Lecture 15 - Citrus > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Citrus Flashcards

1
Q

family of citrus

A

Rutaceae

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2
Q

citrus classification 3 main progenitor species

A

C. medica (citron)
c. maxima (pomelo)
c. reticulata (mandarin)

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3
Q

origin of citrus

A

southeast asia

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4
Q

best growing conditions of citrus

A

24-27 C (best at lower temp)

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5
Q

what is peel colour of citrus related to

A

temp - low temp brings out orange color

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6
Q

leaf morphology of citrus

A

petiole (winged or not) and leaflets
distinct scent of crushed young leaves

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7
Q

citrus flower parts are in sets of ___

A

five

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8
Q

citrus fruit is a berry called ______

A

hesperidum

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9
Q

how many citrus flowers actually set fruit

A

1-5%

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10
Q

how are citrus able to produce seedless fruit

A

parthenocarpy

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11
Q

weakly parthenocarpic

A

only a few fruit is produced without pollination

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12
Q

moderately parthenocarpic

A

fair crop is produced without pollin

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13
Q

strongly parthenocarpic

A

sets good crop without pollination

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14
Q

nuclear embryony

A

embryos form from nuclear tissue. Means most embryos are vegetative, not zygotic (clones)

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15
Q

does citrus have nuclear embryos

A

yes

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16
Q

implications of nucellar embryony

A

essential trait in rootstock (enable true -to-type propagation from seeds)
impedes progress in breeding

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17
Q

propagation of citrus

A

done through scion and rootstock (got from seed or cuttings. seed works better)

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18
Q

why use rootstock for citrus propagation

A

avoids juvenility (produces fruit faster)
necessary for plants without seeds
optimizes tree and root health

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19
Q

important rootstock attributes

A

anchorage, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance
compatibility with scions

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20
Q

what are the progenitors of sweet orange

A

pomelo and mandarin

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21
Q

t/f: sweet orange is not poly embryonic

A

f

22
Q

scientific name of sweet orange

A

citrus sinensis

23
Q

4 types of sweet orange

A

sugar/acidless orange
pigmented/blood orange
navel orange
common orange

24
Q

current classification of mandarin

A

type 1, type 2a, type 2b, type 3

25
Q

type 1 mandarin

A

pure with no interspecific admixture

26
Q

type 2a mandarin

A

early-admixture containing small amount of pomelo alleles

27
Q

type 2b mandarin

A

early-admixture containing additional pomelo alleles

28
Q

type 3 mandarin

A

late-admixture with additional pomelo introgressions in type 2, and further crossed with sweet orange

29
Q

what are the progenitors of grapefruit

A

pomelo and sweet orange

30
Q

scientific name of grapefruit

A

citrus paradisi

31
Q

2 groups of grapefruit

A

white fleshed
pigmented

32
Q

T/F: pomelo is monoembryonic

A

t

33
Q

2 groups of pomelo

A

white-fleshed
pigmented

34
Q

what are the progenitors of lemon

A

citron and sour orange

35
Q

what is lemon highly sensitive to

A

cold

36
Q

are lemon seeds mono or polyembryonic

A

polyembryonic

37
Q

what are the progenitors of limes

A

citron and c. micrantha

38
Q

type of limes

A

small-fruited lime
large-fruited lime

39
Q

what is kumquat (citrus japonica)

A

small oranges that are eaten whole. Peel is sweet, flesh is sour/tart

40
Q

what determines fruit flavor in citrus

A

sugar:acid ratio determines flavor

41
Q

acid and sugar in balance =

A

good flavor

42
Q

high acid/low sugar =

A

sour flavor

43
Q

high sugar/no acid =

A

no flavor

44
Q

factors affecting sugar:acid ratio in citrus

A

genetic
climate
agronomic

45
Q

macronutrient deficiencies in citrus

A

excess nitrogen = excess vigor, promote vegetative growth instead of flowering
low nitrogen = yellow leaves, promotes extensive flowering
low phosphorus = hollow core, thicker rind
low potassium = smaller fruit

46
Q

grapefruits and pomelo will develop ____ rinds in cooler temps or under phosphorus deficiency

A

thicker

47
Q

grapefruits and pomelo will take ____ months to sweeten up

A

14-16

48
Q

Major challenges of growing citrus

A

freezing
citrus canker
citrus greening/yellow dragon disease

49
Q

cultural practices to protect citrus from freezing

A

sprinkler irrigation through microsprinklers
clean, hard-packed soil surface
covered trunks

50
Q

biggest problem disease in citrus

A

HLB/citrus greening

PLSC 333 (17 decks)

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