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PLSC 333 > Lecture 7 - Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yam > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yam Flashcards

1
Q

Other names for cassava

A

tapioca, manioc, mandioca, yuca

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2
Q

cassava is the _____ source of calories after rice, sugar, and maize

A

4th

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3
Q

what is cassava mainly used for

A

food

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4
Q

cassava scientific name

A

manihot esculenta

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5
Q

cassava ploidy

A

2n=2x=36

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6
Q

what is the cassava plant

A

dicotyledonous short-lived perennial tuberous shrub grown as an annual or biennial

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7
Q

cassava plant height

A

1-5 m

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8
Q

Africa produces ___ of the world’s cassava

A

1/2

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9
Q

where was cassava domesticated

A

tropical brazil

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10
Q

adaptation of cassava to tropics

A

17-20C no freezes
1000 to 1500mm rainfall
tolerant of drought

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11
Q

how is cassava propagated

A

by stem cuttings with at least 3 nodes

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12
Q

how is cassava harvested

A

by hand or tractors where the roots are pulled out of the ground

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13
Q

how is cassava prepared

A

cooked boils, roasted, fried, or sundried. Must be detoxified by soaking/boiling

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14
Q

Biofortified yellow cassava

A

high pro-vitamin A

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15
Q

What institute produces yellow cassava

A

the international institute of tropical agriculture in Ibadan, Nigeria

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16
Q

Sweet potato scientific name

A

Ipomoea batatas Convolvulaceae

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17
Q

sweet potato ploidy

A

2n=6x=90 polyploid

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18
Q

does sweet potato self cross

A

no, it outcrosses

19
Q

how to tell the difference between yam and sweet potato

A

yam = dry, starchy flesh that looks like bark
sweet potato = moist flesh with smooth skin

20
Q

sweet potato is a ______ crop

A

root

21
Q

difference between root crop and tuber crop

A

root crop = structure of typical roots with no nodes, internodes, or buds
tuber crop = modified stem that thickens for storage that includes nodes and internodes

22
Q

how can sweet potato vary

A

vary in skin and flesh colour, tastes, and textures

23
Q

sweet potato is the _____ most important food crop

A

7th

24
Q

different uses of sweet potato

A

food, industrial (dye, starch), and animal feed

25
Q

benefit of growing sweet potato

A

income for farmers
multiple food sources (root, vine, leaves)

26
Q

nutrition of sweet potato

A

nigh nutrition in vitamin A, C, E, B, iron, zinc, potassium, fiber

27
Q

Subsistence Production

A

used as an element in intercropping

28
Q

what climate does sweet potato prefer

A

warm 23-32C (susceptible to chilling)
Sandy, light soils

29
Q

2 methods of propagating sweet potato

A
  1. propagated from previous crop using cuttings
  2. rooted slips from sprouted roots
30
Q

how is sweet potato harvested

A

hand harvested

31
Q

how is sweet potato stored

A

cure at 27-30C degrees, store at 12 degrees and with good air flow

32
Q

important pests and diseases of sweet potato

A

sweet potato weevil
black rot
sweet potato virus

33
Q

how to control sweet potato weevil

A

deep hilling
deep rooted varieties
timing harvest

34
Q

where was yam domesticated

A

SE Asia, Japan, Africa, and tropical America with different species

35
Q

yam species domesticated in china

A

Dioscorea batatas (chinese yam)

36
Q

yam species domesticated in SE Asia

A

Dioscorea esculenta and D. alata

37
Q

yam species domesticated in Africa

A

Dioscorea bulbifera and D. rotunda

38
Q

yam species domesticated in tropical america

A

Dioscorea trifida (cush-cush yam)

39
Q

What is yam a staple crop in

A

Africa

40
Q

what is yam high in

A

starch

41
Q

how is yam propagated

A

using head of tubers from previous crop

42
Q

how is yam harvested

A

hand harvested

43
Q

yam had ______ natural pests

A

few

PLSC 333 (8 decks)

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