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Advanced Anatomy > Lecture 9: Foot > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsum vs plantar

A

Dorsum: top of foot
Plantar: sole

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2
Q

How do we number the toes?

A

1st toe = great toe
5th toe = pinky toe

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3
Q

What is the central axis of the foot?

A

Bisects 2nd toe, important for remembering function and innervation of muscles

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4
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Hinge synovial

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5
Q

What movements occur at the talocrural joint?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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6
Q

T/F: Inversion occurs at the foot

A

True - not the ankle

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7
Q

What is a strong ligament that supports the medial part of a joint

A

Deltoid ligament (medial ligament)

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8
Q

What joint in the foot prevents overinversion?

A

Lateral ligament

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9
Q

Which ligament is STRONGER? lateral or medial ligament of the ankle joint

A

Medial

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10
Q

What is the term for a tear in ligaments without fracture or dislocation

A

Sprain

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11
Q

How do ankle sprains almost always occur?

A

Inversion

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12
Q

What ankle sprain types are rare because of the deltoid ligament?

A

Eversion

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13
Q

What is a Pott’s Fracture?

A

Occurs from over eversion of foot
Deltoid ligament pulls medial malleolus off

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14
Q

In a Pott’s fracture, what way does the talus and lateral malleolus move?

A

Lateral

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15
Q

What is the result of a Pott’s fracture?

A

Lateral malleolus and/or distal fibula will fracture

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16
Q

List the functions of foot arches

A
  1. Shock absorbers
  2. Protect vessels and nerves + muscles
  3. Help propel body when moving
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17
Q

List the 3 arches of the foot

A
  1. Medial longitudinal arch
  2. Lateral longitudinal arch
  3. Transverse arch
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18
Q

What arch is responsible for our footprint?

A

Medial longitudinal arch (highest arch)

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19
Q

What supports the foot arches

A

Bones
Ligaments
Muscles

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20
Q

What is the plantar calceonavicular (spring) ligament?

A

Ligament that provides main support to medial longitudinal arch

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21
Q

What is the long plantar ligament?

A

Provides main support to lateral longitudinal arch

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22
Q

What else supports the foot arches?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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23
Q

A patient has pes planus. What are they experiencing? In terms of ligaments, describe this.

A

Flat foot – medial longitudinal arch is flattened

24
Q

A patient has pes cavus. What are they experiencing?

A

High arches

25
Q

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Provides firm attachment to the skin (improves grip) - protects the things under it

26
Q

A patient is experiencing heel pain when running. They also have foot arch problems, tight calf muscles, and a short calcaneal tendon. What could they have?

A

Plantar fasciitis

27
Q

What two muscles are strictly associated with the dorsum of the foot?

A
  1. Extensor hallicus brevis
  2. Extensor digitorum brevis
28
Q

What artery supplies the dorsum of the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis

29
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep fibular N

30
Q

What nerves innervate the plantar side of the foot?

A
  1. Medial plantar nerve
  2. Lateral plantar nerve
31
Q

How does innervation get divided in the plantar foot?

A

via the LPN and MPN

32
Q

ABDuctor hallucis innervation

A

MPN

33
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

LPN

34
Q

ABDuctor digiti minimi innervation

A

MPN

35
Q

What muscles are in the first layer of the plantar foot?

A

ABductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
ABDuctor Digiti Minimi

36
Q

What travels between layers 1 and 2 in the foot?

A

Plantar nerves and vessels

37
Q

Generally, what is found in second layer of the foot

A

2 tendons and 2 sets of muscles

38
Q

Specifically, what is found in second layer of the foot

A

Tendon: FHL
Tendon: FDL
Quadratus Plantar
Lumbricals

39
Q

Innervation of quadratus plantae

A

LPN

40
Q

1st lumberical innervation

A

MPN

41
Q

2nd-4th lumberical innervation

A

LPN

42
Q

What is in the 3rd layer of the foot?

A

Flexor hallicus brevis
Adductor hallicus
Flexor digiti minimi

43
Q

Innervation of Flexor hallicus brevis

A

MPN

44
Q

Innervation of Adductor Hallucis

A

LPN

45
Q

Innervation of Flexor digiti minimi

A

LPN

46
Q

Plantar + Dorsal interossei innervation

A

LPN

47
Q

What is found in the 4th layer of the foot?

A

Plantar interossei
Dorsal interossei
Fibularis longus tendon
Tibialis posterior tendon

48
Q

What 4 arteries supply blood to the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery
Medial plantar artery
Lateral plantar artery
Plantar arterial arch

49
Q

The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of what artery

A

anterior tibial

50
Q

The dorsalis pedis supplies what

A

Dorsum of the foot

51
Q

T/F the dorsalis pedis is only in the dorsum of the foot

A

F; sends a branch to plantar side

52
Q

What artery supplies most medial side of the foot?

A

Medial plantar artery

53
Q

What artery supplies a great portion of the plantar side of the foot?

A

Lateral plantar artery

54
Q

What forms the plantar arterial arch?

A

Lateral plantar + dorsalis pedis

55
Q

Where do the digital arteries come from?

A

Plantar arterial arch

56
Q

The deep fibular nerve motor innervation

A

Dorsal foot muscles

57
Q

Deep fibular nerve sensory innervation

A

Between big toe and 2nd toe

Advanced Anatomy (18 decks)

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