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Advanced Anatomy > Lecture 16: Posterior Abdominal Wall, Kidneys, & Ureters > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Posterior Abdominal Wall, Kidneys, & Ureters Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior: Level of T12 vertebra, 12th rib, diaphragm
Inferior: Superior pelvic aperture

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2
Q

What is the pelvic aperture?

A

Also known as pelvic brim/inlet - it runs from pectineal and arcuate lines and posterior along the sacral promontory

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3
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Quadratus Lumborum
  2. Psoas Major
  3. Iliacus
  4. Psoas minor
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4
Q

Action of quadratus lumborum (Bilateral and unilateral)

A

Bilateral: extends vertebral column
Unilateral: laterally flexes vertebral column

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5
Q

Action of psoas & iliacus

A

Hip flexors

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6
Q

The abdominal aorta enters the abdomen at the aortic hiatus. What level is this?

A

T12

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7
Q

The abdominal aorta is _____________

A

Retroperitoneal

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8
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4

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9
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into…

A

L/R common iliac arteries

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10
Q

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta? (9 total in the list)

A

Celiac trunk
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
L & R inferior phrenic
L & R middle suprarenal
L & R renal
L & R gonadal
4 pairs of lumbar arteries
Median (Middle) sacral

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11
Q

Define aneurysm

A

Localized dilation of a vessel

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12
Q

Where do abdominal aorta aneurysms typically occur?

A

Distal to renal arteries but ABOVE bifurcation

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13
Q

An abdominal aneurysm breaks down what layer of the aorta

A

Middle (Tunica Media)

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14
Q

T/F: You bleed out slowly with an aneurysm

A

F; you bleed out quickly.

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15
Q

Describe the stenting of an aortic aneurysm

A

Stent - blow balloon up - widen area for blood flow

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16
Q

IVC is the union of..

A

L/R common iliac veins

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17
Q

The IVC is to the ____ of the abdominal aorta

A

Right

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18
Q

What level does the IVC enter the thoracic cavity at the caval opening of diaphragm

A

T8

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19
Q

R. Suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into…

A

IVC

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20
Q

L. Suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into…

A

Renal V then to IVC

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21
Q

What are the pre-aortic lymph nodes?

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

22
Q

Where do the pre-aortic lymph nodes receive lymph from?

A

Foregut

23
Q

What lymph nodes are chains of nodes around either side of aorta?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes (lateral aortic, para-aortic)

24
Q

What receives lymph from posterior abdominal wall structures and upper pelvic structures?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

25
Q

Pre-aortic and lumbar lymph nodes drain to…

A

Cisterna chyli

26
Q

Where does the cisterna chyli begin?

A

Around level of L1-L2 vertebrae

27
Q

The cisterna chyli drains…

A

superiorly as the thoracic duct

28
Q

Milk fluid associated with lymph is called

A

Chyle

29
Q

List the somatic nerves (lumbar plexus) of posterior abdominal wall

A

Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator

30
Q

What splanchnic nerves are not true splanchnic nerves?

A

Pelvic

31
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply to the posterior abdominal wall

A

L/R Vagus nerves

32
Q

At what level are the kidneys?

A

T12-L3 vertebrae

33
Q

T/F the kidneys are stuck in place

A

F; they can move up 2-3 inches when breathing

34
Q

Which kidney is slightly inferior? why?

A

R. Kidney - B/C of liver

35
Q

Describe cortex and medulla of the kidney

A

Cortx: outer
Medulla: Inner

36
Q

The medulla subdivides into..

A

Renal pyramids

37
Q

What are the tips of renal pyramids?

A

Renal papillae

38
Q

What are renal columns?

A

Extensions of cortex that separate pyramids

39
Q

Renal papillae drain urine into…

A

Minor calyces

40
Q

Minor calyces drain into 2-3

A

Major calyces

41
Q

Major calyces drain into funnel-shaped

A

Renal pelvis

42
Q

Renal pelvis drains into…

A

Ureter

43
Q

From the kidney to outside, what is the order of CT coverings around the kidney

A

Renal capsule
Perinephric fat
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat

44
Q

What is the blood supply to the kidney

A

Renal artery –> lobar (segmental) arteries

45
Q

Describe lobar (segmental) arteries

A

End arteries - if they are occluded, blood supply is cut off to that portion of the kidney

46
Q

The renal vein drains into the…

A

IVC

47
Q

What is the innervation of the kidney

A

Renal plexus

48
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply to the kidney?

A

Vagus (CN X) - No known effect

49
Q

What is sympathetic supply to the kidney?

A

Lesser thoraic (T10-11), least thoracic splanchnic nerves (T12)

50
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nerves in the renal plexus?

A

Vasoconstricct renal vessels –> Less filtrate formation

51
Q

What are the afferent component (sympathetic) to the kidney?

A

T10-L1 - aka where pain is referred to.

Advanced Anatomy (18 decks)

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