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Advanced Anatomy > Lecture 2: Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

List the features of typical vertebrae.

A

Body
Vertebral arch
Transverse processes
Spinouis processes
Vertebral formaen
Intervertebral foramina

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2
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit in the vertebral column?

A

Intervertebral foramina

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3
Q

What are the different kinds of vertebrae?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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4
Q

List the number of vertebrae in each section.

A

C - 7
T - 12
L - 5
S - 5 (fused)
C - 4 (fused)

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5
Q

How do rips articulate with the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Most ribs articulate between two adjacent thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

The head of a rib articulates with the _____________ of the vertebrae.

A

Body

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7
Q

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the _______________ process of vertebrae.

A

Tubercle

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8
Q

What are intervertebral discs composed of?

A

Anulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus

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9
Q

What is annulus fibrosis?

A

Peripheral part of a intervertebral disc, composed of fibrocartilage

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10
Q

What is the nucleus pulposis?

A

Central, gelatinous part of the inervertebral disc

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11
Q

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

A

Shock absorbers

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12
Q

What rests in the vertebral canal?

A

Spinal cord

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13
Q

What is found within the vertebral canal?

A

Epidural space
Meninges
Spinal cord

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14
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

Area between vertebra and meninges

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15
Q

What do you find in the epidural space?

A

Fat + Blood vessels (Veins & arteries)

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16
Q

What are the coverings around the spinal cord?

A

Meninges

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17
Q

What are the purpose of meninges

A

Protect and anchor the spinal cord

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18
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

Outermost layer - dense CT

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19
Q

Where does the dura mater end?

A

S2

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20
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

Potential space between dura and arachnoid

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21
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Real space between arachnoid and pia mater

22
Q

What is the subarachnoid spaced filled with?

A

CSF

23
Q

What do you find in the subarachnoid space?

A

Arteries & veins (plus CSF)

24
Q

What is the innermost meninge?

A

Pia mater

25
Q

Where do you find denticulate “ligaments”?

A

Pia mater

26
Q

What is the composition of the spinal cord?

A

Inner gray matter
Outer white matter

27
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Neuron cell bodies and dendrites and unmyelinated nerve cell processes.

28
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

29
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris

30
Q

What is inferior to the conus medullaris?

A

Cauda equina

31
Q

In embryo, what is the length of the spinal cord?

A

Entire length of vertebral canal

32
Q

As infants, what is the length of the spinal cord?

A

Ends at level of L3 vertebra

33
Q

As adults, what is the length of the spinal cord?

A

Typically ends at inferior border of L1 vertebra

34
Q

Nerves that come off the spinal cord are known as…

A

Spinal nerves

35
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

36
Q

Describe the different spinal nerve groupings.

A

Cervical: C1-C8
Thoracic: T1-T12
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1-S5
Coccygeal: Coc1

37
Q

Where do C1-C7 nerves exit?

A

Superior to the bodies of their respective vertebrae

38
Q

Where does C8 exit?

A

Between C7 and T1.

39
Q

The remaining nerves (T1 and on) exit _________ to the bodies of their respective vertebrae.

A

Inferior

40
Q

Posterior (dorsal) root is…

A

sensory

41
Q

Anterior (ventral) root is..

A

Motor

42
Q

Posterior rami or anterior rami of SN: Serratus posterior superior

A

Intercostal N (anterior rami)

43
Q

Posterior rami or anterior rami of SN: Iliocostalis

A

Posterior rami

44
Q

Posterior rami or anterior rami of SN: trapezius

A

Cranial N XI (accessory)
*Trick ?

45
Q

Posterior rami or anterior rami of SN: splenius cervicis

A

Posterior rami

46
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

a segment of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve (in theory)

47
Q

What is a dermatomal map?

A

map that shows general pattern of dermatomes

48
Q

What is the arterial supply to the spinal cord?

A

Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery
Radicular arteries

49
Q

What is the venous drainage fo the spinal cord?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus
External vertebral venous plexus

50
Q

What is a herniated disc?

A

Tear in annulus fibrosis that allows for the nucleus pulposus to protrude posterolaterally.

Advanced Anatomy (18 decks)

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