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Advanced Anatomy > Lecture 5: Arm & Extensor Forearm > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Arm & Extensor Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two compartments of the arm?

A

Posterior & Anterior

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2
Q

Describe the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Extensors (generally)
Radian Nerve innervation
Deep brachial artery

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3
Q

Describe the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Flexors (generally)
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachial Artery

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4
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangular depression in the arm

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5
Q

Boundaries of cubital fossa?

A

Medially: Pronator teres
Laterally: Brachioradialis

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6
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Biceps Brachii Tendon
Brachial A
Median N

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7
Q

Describe the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Extensors (generally)
Radial Nerve
Posterior interosseous artery

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8
Q

Describe the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexors (generally)
Median & Ulnar Nerves
Radial & Ulnar arteries

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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel?

A

Carpal bones (floor/walls)
Flexor Retinaculum (roof)

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10
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Median Nerve
Tendons

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11
Q

What are the compartments of the hand [5]

A

Hypothenar
Thenar
Central
Adductor
Interosseous

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply of the upper limb (flow)?

A

Subclavian –> Axillary –> Brachial Artery

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13
Q

What is the first major branch form the brachial a.?

A

Deep Brachial a.

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14
Q

What does the brachial artery bifurcate into?

A

Ulnar & Radial Arteries

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15
Q

The ulnar and radial arteries anastomose and form what?

A

Superficial & Deep Palmar Arches in the Hand

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16
Q

What does superficial fascia of the arm contain?

A

Superficial veins, cutaneous nerves, lymphatics

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17
Q

What is another name for deep fascia of the arm?

A

Brachial fascia

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18
Q

What does brachial fascia do?

A

Gives off medial & lateral intermuscular septa - this divides the arm into anterior and posterior compartments

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19
Q

What fascia deals with compartment syndrome?

A

Brachial fascia

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20
Q

What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Brachial artery and veins
Proximal ½ of ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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21
Q

What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Deep Brachial Artery
(almost all of) radial nerve
Distal ½ of ulnar nerve

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22
Q

What are the actions of anterior arm muscles?

A

Primarily flexors

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23
Q

What is the innervation of anterior arm muscles?

A

Musculocutaneous n

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24
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

Flexes and supinates elbow (powerful supinator)

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25
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexes the shoulder

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26
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

Flexes elbow

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27
Q

What is the difference between supination and pronation?

A

Supination: Rotation of forearm so palm is pointing anteriorly
Pronation: rotation of forearm so palm is pointing posteriorly

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28
Q

What do posterior arm muscles do?

A

Primary extensors of elbow

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29
Q

What is the innervation of posterior arm muscles?

A

Radial N

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30
Q

Action of Triceps Bachii

A

Extend elbow and shoulder/arm

31
Q

What is the aconeus

A

Muscle on posterior elbow, small triangular muscle

32
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Biceps brachii tendon
Brachial artery (dividing into radial and ulnar aa)
Brachial veins
Median nerve
Radial nerve

33
Q

T/F: The median cubital vein is IN the cubital fossa?

A

False - it is superficial to the fossa

34
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

35
Q

Is the elbow joint stable in adults?

A

Yes

36
Q

Is the elbow joint stable in children?

A

Not really

37
Q

What is the primary movement at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension

38
Q

What ligaments strengthen the elbow joint?

A

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
Radial (lateral( collateral ligaement

39
Q

What ligament goes from the medial epicondyle to the ulna?

A

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

40
Q

What ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to radius?

A

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

41
Q

What ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the radius?

A

Radial (Lateral) collateral ligament

42
Q

What ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the radius?

A

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

43
Q

What ligament Surrounds neck of radius – holds head of radius in place?

A

Anular ligament

44
Q

Where do a majority of elbow dislocations occur? (ant or post?)

A

Posteriorly

45
Q

Describe “Nursemaid’s elbow”

A

Subluxation of Head of Radius
Occurs when there is a sudden pull on the pronated forearm - this tears the annular ligament and radial head is pulled out

46
Q

Children are more prone to get radial head subluxation. Why?

A

Anular ligament thinner, radial head not fully formed.

47
Q

What important structure does NOT go through the cubital fossa?

A

Ulnar N

48
Q

How many carpal bones do we have? metacarpals? phalanges?

A

C: 8
M: 5
P: 14

49
Q

What finger joint is the “knuckles”?

A

MP (metacarpophalangeal) joints

50
Q

What finger joint is between proximal and middle phalanges?

A

PIP (proximal interphalangeal)

51
Q

What join is between middle and distal phalanges?

A

DIP (distal interphalangeal)

52
Q

What joint does the thumb have?

A

IP (interphalangeal) joint

53
Q

Describe the interosseous membrane

A

Fibrous (dense CT) sheet that attaches to interosseous border

54
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do in the forearm?

A

Partially subdivides forearm into flexor and extensor compartments

55
Q

What is the deep fascia of the forearm?

A

Antebrachial fascia

56
Q

Where do most muscles of the posterior (extensor) compartment originate?

A

Common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle

57
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve in the extensor compartment is…

A

Sensory

58
Q

The deep radial nerve –> posterior interosseous nerve in the extensor compartment is…

A

Motor

59
Q

What arteries are noted in the extensor compartment?

A

Posterior & Anterior interosseous arteries

60
Q

Function of brachioradialis

A

Flex elbow during pronation

61
Q

Function of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extend and ABduct wrist

62
Q

Function of Extensor carpi radialis bravis

A

Extend and ABduct wrist

63
Q

Function of extensor digitorum

A

Extend all wrist & MP joints (as well as digits 2-5)

64
Q

Function of carpi ulnaris

A

Extend and ADduct wrist

65
Q

Function of supinator

A

Supinate

66
Q

Function of Abductor pollicis longus

A

ABduct thumb

67
Q

Function of extensor pollicis longus

A

Extend wrist & thumb

68
Q

Function of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extend wrist and thumb

69
Q

Function of extensor indicis

A

Extend digit 2 independently

70
Q

Describe the path the radial nerve takes in the arm and forearm

A

Travels b/t brachialis and brachioradialis (arm) –> through cubital fossa –> in proximal forearm (divides into branches)

71
Q

Describe the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

Motor

72
Q

When does the deep branch of radian n change name?

A

After it pierces the supinator - it becomes the posterior interosseous N

73
Q

Describe the superficial branch of raidal N

A

Sensory (to lateral/dorsal part of hand)

74
Q

T/F: The superficial branch of the radial nerve travels superficial to brachioradialis

A

False: Travels deep to brachioradialis

Advanced Anatomy (18 decks)

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