Lecture 8: Leg Flashcards
Define dorsiflexion
Movements of the ankle/foot upward, closer to the front of the leg
Define plantarflexion
Movement of the ankle/foot downward, closer to the back of leg
Define inversion
Sole of foot turned medially or inward
Define eversion
Sole of foot runed laterally, or outward
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
- Upper medial: Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
- Upper lateral: Biceps femoris
- Lower Medial/lateral: Head of gastrocnemius
What is found in the popliteal fossa?
Small saphenous vein
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge synovial
What are the primary actions of the knee
Flexion and extension
What gives the knee stability?
Tendons and ligaments
Anteriorly, what is the knee joint capsule continuous with?
Patellar ligament
The medial meniscus adheres to what ligament?
MCL
What does the MCL prevent?
HyperABDuction of leg at the knee
What does the LCL prevent?
HyperADDuction of leg at the knee
Which CL is more prone to injury?
MCL
What ligament prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia?
ACL
What prevents hyperextension of knee joint?
ACL
ACL injuries are not common (T/F)
False - very common
When does a ACL injury occur?
When leg is hyperextended or tibia is driven anteriorly on femur - causes bones to twist in opposite directions.
What is anterior drawer sign?
When you can pull the tibia anteriorly from the femur - suggests damaged ACL
What is the “unhappy triad” of injuries?
Injury to MCL, Medial meniscus, and ACL
When does the “unhappy triad” occur
Lateral blow to the knee - leg is forcibly ABDucted and laterally rotated
T/F Cruciate ligaments are within the join capsule
True
The PCL goes from where to where?
Posterior tibia to anterior medial femoral condyle
T/F Cruciate ligaments are within the joint capsule
True
What does the PCL prevent?
Anterior displacement of femur on tibia, prevents knee hyperextension, becomes taut on flexion
What ligament is injuried when the knee is hyperflexed?
PCL
Posterior drawer sign
Can pull the tibia posteriorly from the femur (damaged PCL)
T/F: Knee joint dislocations are very common
False
What structures may be damaged in knee dislocation?
PCL, popliteal fossa (tibial N, Popliteal NAV)
How many bones in each category:
-Tarsals
-Metatarsals
-Phalanges
T: 7
M: 5
P: 14
What is deep fascia of the leg called?
Crural fascia
What are rectangular thickenings of crural fascia that hold tendons in place?
Retinacula
What are the retinacula for the following compartments:
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
A: Extensor retinaculum
L: Fibular retinaculum
P: Flexor retinaculum
Actions of anterior compartment of leg
Dorsiflex the foot
(some extend the toes)
Blood supply to anterior compartment of leg
Anterior Tibial Aa + Vv
Innervation to anterior compartment of leg
Deep fibular N
Innervation to posterior compartment of leg
Tibial N
Blood supply to posterior compartment of leg
Posterior tibial vessels
Muscles of lateral leg compartment
Fibularis longus + brevis
Action of lateral leg muscles
Evert, weakly Plantar flex foot
Blood supply to lateral leg compartment
Fibular A + Vv
