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Advanced Anatomy > Lecture 8: Leg > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Define dorsiflexion

A

Movements of the ankle/foot upward, closer to the front of the leg

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2
Q

Define plantarflexion

A

Movement of the ankle/foot downward, closer to the back of leg

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3
Q

Define inversion

A

Sole of foot turned medially or inward

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4
Q

Define eversion

A

Sole of foot runed laterally, or outward

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5
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A
  1. Upper medial: Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
  2. Upper lateral: Biceps femoris
  3. Lower Medial/lateral: Head of gastrocnemius
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6
Q

What is found in the popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphenous vein
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery

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7
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Hinge synovial

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8
Q

What are the primary actions of the knee

A

Flexion and extension

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9
Q

What gives the knee stability?

A

Tendons and ligaments

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10
Q

Anteriorly, what is the knee joint capsule continuous with?

A

Patellar ligament

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11
Q

The medial meniscus adheres to what ligament?

A

MCL

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12
Q

What does the MCL prevent?

A

HyperABDuction of leg at the knee

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13
Q

What does the LCL prevent?

A

HyperADDuction of leg at the knee

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14
Q

Which CL is more prone to injury?

A

MCL

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15
Q

What ligament prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia?

A

ACL

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16
Q

What prevents hyperextension of knee joint?

A

ACL

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17
Q

ACL injuries are not common (T/F)

A

False - very common

18
Q

When does a ACL injury occur?

A

When leg is hyperextended or tibia is driven anteriorly on femur - causes bones to twist in opposite directions.

19
Q

What is anterior drawer sign?

A

When you can pull the tibia anteriorly from the femur - suggests damaged ACL

20
Q

What is the “unhappy triad” of injuries?

A

Injury to MCL, Medial meniscus, and ACL

21
Q

When does the “unhappy triad” occur

A

Lateral blow to the knee - leg is forcibly ABDucted and laterally rotated

22
Q

T/F Cruciate ligaments are within the join capsule

A

True

23
Q

The PCL goes from where to where?

A

Posterior tibia to anterior medial femoral condyle

24
Q

T/F Cruciate ligaments are within the joint capsule

A

True

25
Q

What does the PCL prevent?

A

Anterior displacement of femur on tibia, prevents knee hyperextension, becomes taut on flexion

26
Q

What ligament is injuried when the knee is hyperflexed?

A

PCL

27
Q

Posterior drawer sign

A

Can pull the tibia posteriorly from the femur (damaged PCL)

28
Q

T/F: Knee joint dislocations are very common

A

False

29
Q

What structures may be damaged in knee dislocation?

A

PCL, popliteal fossa (tibial N, Popliteal NAV)

30
Q

How many bones in each category:
-Tarsals
-Metatarsals
-Phalanges

A

T: 7
M: 5
P: 14

31
Q

What is deep fascia of the leg called?

A

Crural fascia

32
Q

What are rectangular thickenings of crural fascia that hold tendons in place?

A

Retinacula

33
Q

What are the retinacula for the following compartments:
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

A

A: Extensor retinaculum
L: Fibular retinaculum
P: Flexor retinaculum

34
Q

Actions of anterior compartment of leg

A

Dorsiflex the foot
(some extend the toes)

35
Q

Blood supply to anterior compartment of leg

A

Anterior Tibial Aa + Vv

36
Q

Innervation to anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep fibular N

37
Q

Innervation to posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibial N

38
Q

Blood supply to posterior compartment of leg

A

Posterior tibial vessels

39
Q

Muscles of lateral leg compartment

A

Fibularis longus + brevis

40
Q

Action of lateral leg muscles

A

Evert, weakly Plantar flex foot

41
Q

Blood supply to lateral leg compartment

A

Fibular A + Vv

Advanced Anatomy (18 decks)

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