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Advanced Anatomy > Lecture 4: Breast, Pectoral Region, & Axilla > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Breast, Pectoral Region, & Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is the breast comprised of? [2]

A

Glandular & Adipose

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2
Q

What are the ligaments in breast? They go to the skin.

A

Suspensory Ligaments

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3
Q

75% of lymphatic drainage goes to the ______________________ in the breast.

A

axillary lymph node.

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4
Q

In the axillary lymph nodes, which node drains most of the breast?

A

Pectoral

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5
Q

What are the 5 axillary lymph nodes (that account for 75% of drainage)?

A

Pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central, apical

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6
Q

The remaining 25% of lymphatic drainage of the breast goes to which lymph nodes?

A

Parasternal

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7
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Monitor fluid left behind by circulation

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8
Q

Why is it important to understand the path of lymph?

A

Infections and cancers often follow this path

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9
Q

What muscles move the upper limb? [3]

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior

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10
Q

What is the action of the pec. major?

A

Flexes, ADDucts, & medially rotates arm (shoulder)

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the pec. major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nn.

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12
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

Protracts & depresses scapula

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral n.

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14
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Protracts & depresses scapula

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic n.

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16
Q

Define intercostal space

A

The space between 2 ribs

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17
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there on ONE side of the body? (both sides = X2)

A

11 spaces

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18
Q

Intercostal muscles are the muscles of…

A

Respiration

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19
Q

List the intercostal muscles from SUPERFICIAL to DEEP

A
  1. External intercostals
  2. Internal intercostals
  3. Innermost intercostals + Tranversus Thoracis
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20
Q

What is the fiber direction of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Inferiomedially (hands in pocket)

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21
Q

What muscles go from the posterior rib to the beginning of the costal cartilage?

A

External intercostal muscles

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22
Q

What is the fiber direction of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Inferolaterlaterally (Clutch your pearls)

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23
Q

What muscle goes from sternum to angles of rib?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

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24
Q

What muscle is found deep to internal intercostals?

A

Innermost intercostal muscles

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25
Q

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles located?

A

Lateral sides of the thoracic wall

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26
Q

How do we tell the innermost intercostal muscles apart from the internal intercostals?

A

Nerves and vessels run between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles. `

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27
Q

What do you find in the intercostal space?

A

VAN (vein, artery, nerve)

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28
Q

Where do the main vessels & nerve branches run in the intercostal space?

A

Costal groove (inferior rib)

29
Q

Where do collateral branches of VAN run in the intercostal space?

A

Superior to the next rib.

30
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

31
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

The horizontal junction between manubrium and body. It is at the level of the 2nd rib (use to help count ribs)

32
Q

What is the “pyramidal” space at the junction of the arm and thorax?

A

Axilla (armpit)

33
Q

What is the apex, medial wall, lateral wall, and base of the axilla?

A

Apex: clavicle, scapula, 1st rib
Medial: Thoracic cage + serratus anterior
Lateral: humerus and muscles
Base: skin and fascia

34
Q

What is within the neurovascular bundle of the axilla?

A

Axillary Artery
Axillary Vein
Brachial Plexus

35
Q

Subclavian artery –> (1) —> Brachial artery

A

1: Axillary artery

36
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral 1st rib

37
Q

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Inferior teres major

38
Q

What muscle divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?

A

Pectoralis major

39
Q

What is the first branch of the axillary artery?

A

Superior (supreme) thoracic artery

40
Q

What is the second branch of the axillary artery?

A

Thoracoacromial Artery
Lateral Thoracic artery

41
Q

What is the third branch of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular A
Anterior Humeral Circumflex A
Posterior Humeral Circumflex A

42
Q

What does subscapular A branch into?

A

Circumflex Scaupular A
Thoracodosral A

43
Q

What does the subscapular A. anastomose with?

A

Suprascapular and dorsal scapular A.

44
Q

What is the path of axillary lymph nodes? [5]

A
  1. Subscapular
  2. Pectoral
  3. Lateral
  4. Central
  5. Apical
45
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

46
Q

The brachial plexus divides into ________ & __________ divisions.

A

Anterior & Posterior

47
Q

The anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus are both from __________ rami.

A

Anterior

48
Q

What is the composition or “breakdown” of the brachial plexus?

A

Roots (rami) - 5
Trunks - 3
Divisions - 2
Cords - 3
Branches (terminal)
“Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer”

49
Q

Where are the brachial plexus roots found?

A

Between anterior and middle scalenes

50
Q

What nerves come of the roots of the brachial plexus ?

A

Long thoracic and dorsal scapular nerves

51
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior, Middle, and Inferior

52
Q

What roots make up the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 & C6

53
Q

What roots make up the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

54
Q

What roots make up the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8-T1

55
Q

What nerve comes off the trunks of brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular n.

56
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior and Posterior

57
Q

What is the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

58
Q

What is the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The anterior division of the inferior trunk

59
Q

What is the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

ALL posterior divisions.

60
Q

What branches come off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral n.

61
Q

What branches come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Upper subscapular
Thoracodorsal (middle subscapular)
Lower subscapular

62
Q

What branches come off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial pectoral n.
Medial cutaneous n. of arm
Medial cutaneous n. of forearm

63
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary N
Musculocutaneous N
Radial N
Median N
Ulnar N

64
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid
Teres Minor
Skin on upper lateral arm

65
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Most anterior forearm (flexor) muscles
Skin and a few muscles of the hand

66
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Anterior arm (flexor) muscles
Skin on lateral forearm

67
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Posterior arm muscles
Posterior forearm muscles
Skin on lateral arm
Skin on posterior arm
Skin on posteriore forearm
Skin on part of hand

68
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Most hand muscles
1 & 1/2 muscles in forarm
Skin on part of hand

Advanced Anatomy (18 decks)

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