Lecture 9: Evolution

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

hereditary material in all living organisms

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

basic unit of hereditary

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

genes with small differences in nucleotide sequence

Question 4

Fitness

Answer 4

how well organism is adapted to environment (allows reproduction + survival)

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

process resulting in changes of alleles over time in a population

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

source of genetic variation error in copying DNA

Question 7

Pattern

Answer 7

descent with modification and divergence (closer to common ancestor as go back in generations)

Question 8

Process

Answer 8

how patterns occur (mutation, genetic drift)

Question 9

If a community had no predators and limited supplies there would be…

Answer 9

exponential growth until carrying capacity

Question 10

When does natural selection take place

Answer 10

1) variation in a trait
2) affects survival/reproduction

Question 11

Evolution by natural selection occurs when

Answer 11

variation in heritable trait affecting survival/repoduction

Question 12

Evolution vs. Natural Selection

Answer 12

Evolution occurs over time when natural selection can be within one generation

Question 13

When can evolution occur without natural selection

Answer 13

when such events occurs that unintentionally wipes out a certain gene

Question 14

when can natural selection occur without evolution

Answer 14

when a trait favors a group of the population but the trait is not heritable

Question 15

Migration/gene flow

Answer 15

transfer of gene from one population to another

Question 16

Macroevolution

Answer 16

studies at species level, explain patterns of diversification, over thousands to million years (fossil evidence)

Question 17

microevolution

Answer 17

change in allele frequency over time, studying evolution at species level, within thousands of years or generations

Question 18

What processes allow for microevolution

Answer 18

natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift

Question 19

descent

Answer 19

moving down the generations

Question 20

modification

Answer 20

modifying (change)