Lecture #12: Conservation genetics

Question 1

natural selection

Answer 1

variation in heritable genes resulting in differences in fitness

Question 2

Genetic Drift

Answer 2

evolutionary sampling error (changes frequency of genes over generation) due to randomness

Question 3

does genetic drift reduce or increase variation and why

Answer 3

reduces, bc eventually there is nothing for natural selection to act on

Question 4

Does genetic drift affect small or larger population more quickly and why?

Answer 4

Small because it is faster for a small population to lose genetic diversity

Question 5

population bottlenecks

Answer 5

event reducing size of population
often decreases variation

Question 6

mutation

Answer 6

generates new gene variants (increasing variation)

Question 7

adaptive trait

Answer 7

favored by selection therefore allows for species to adapt to surrounding through fitness

Question 8

maladaptive/deleterious

Answer 8

mostly quickly removed due to random selection (decreases fitness)

Question 9

gene flow

Answer 9

movement of organisms and genetic material from one population to another

Question 10

does gene flow increase variation in among population? within population?

Answer 10

Among: reduced bc less speciation, less distinct specie traits
Within: increases

Question 11

What is the species that was going extinct but was recovered through genetic rescue? an example of inbreeding

Answer 11

Florida Panther

Question 12

Inbreeding depression

Answer 12

small population–> individuals mate with relatives resulting in poor health and reproductive decline lowers fitness

Question 13

which deleterious traits are removed by natural selection and which aren’t

Answer 13

dominant is removed (expressed) and recessive often isn’t

Question 14

deleterious recessive alleles are more expressed in small population

Answer 14

*

Question 15

does gene flow increase of decrease diversity and why

Answer 15

increase because it masks deleterious trait

Question 16

genetic rescue

Answer 16

restoring genetic diversity through MANAGED gene flow

Question 17

Outbreeding depression

Answer 17

mating btw distinct population resulting in reduction of fitness in offspring (ex: chromosomall incompatibility) and loss of local adaption

Question 18

What is an example of outbreeding depression

Answer 18

alpine ibex (hybrid btw populations gave birth too early in cold)

Question 19

Outbreeding depression

Answer 19

mating btw distinct population resulting in reduction of fitness in offspring (ex: chromosomal incompatibility) and loss of local adaption

Question 20

Outbreeding depression

Answer 20

mating btwn distinct population resulting in reduction of fitness in offspring and loss of local adaption

Question 21

local adaption

Answer 21

natural selection best suited to local enviorment

Question 22

Assisted migration

Answer 22

moving specie outside historical range in order to keep up with climate change

Question 23

What are some concerns related to assisted migration?

Answer 23

introduced species –> invasive
introduce pests
expensive
unsuccessful

Question 24

What is an example of assisted migration

Answer 24

Florida nutmeg

Question 25

clinal variaiton

Answer 25

phenotypic differentiation across range reflecting nature selection in relation to climate

Question 26

concerns of managed gene flow

Answer 26

outbreeding
loss of local adoption
loss of lineages

Question 27

foundational species

Answer 27

provide habitat or food for others