Lecture #12: Conservation genetics Flashcards
natural selection
variation in heritable genes resulting in differences in fitness
Genetic Drift
evolutionary sampling error (changes frequency of genes over generation) due to randomness
does genetic drift reduce or increase variation and why
reduces, bc eventually there is nothing for natural selection to act on
Does genetic drift affect small or larger population more quickly and why?
Small because it is faster for a small population to lose genetic diversity
population bottlenecks
event reducing size of population
often decreases variation
mutation
generates new gene variants (increasing variation)
adaptive trait
favored by selection therefore allows for species to adapt to surrounding through fitness
maladaptive/deleterious
mostly quickly removed due to random selection (decreases fitness)
gene flow
movement of organisms and genetic material from one population to another
does gene flow increase variation in among population? within population?
Among: reduced bc less speciation, less distinct specie traits
Within: increases
What is the species that was going extinct but was recovered through genetic rescue? an example of inbreeding
Florida Panther
Inbreeding depression
small population–> individuals mate with relatives resulting in poor health and reproductive decline lowers fitness
which deleterious traits are removed by natural selection and which aren’t
dominant is removed (expressed) and recessive often isn’t
deleterious recessive alleles are more expressed in small population
*
does gene flow increase of decrease diversity and why
increase because it masks deleterious trait
genetic rescue
restoring genetic diversity through MANAGED gene flow
Outbreeding depression
mating btw distinct population resulting in reduction of fitness in offspring (ex: chromosomall incompatibility) and loss of local adaption
What is an example of outbreeding depression
alpine ibex (hybrid btw populations gave birth too early in cold)
Outbreeding depression
mating btw distinct population resulting in reduction of fitness in offspring (ex: chromosomal incompatibility) and loss of local adaption
Outbreeding depression
mating btwn distinct population resulting in reduction of fitness in offspring and loss of local adaption
local adaption
natural selection best suited to local enviorment
Assisted migration
moving specie outside historical range in order to keep up with climate change
What are some concerns related to assisted migration?
introduced species –> invasive
introduce pests
expensive
unsuccessful
What is an example of assisted migration
Florida nutmeg
clinal variaiton
phenotypic differentiation across range reflecting nature selection in relation to climate
concerns of managed gene flow
outbreeding
loss of local adoption
loss of lineages
foundational species
provide habitat or food for others
