Lecture 9: Energy Metabolism Flashcards
What is Metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions that turn to food into energy
Obesity Complications
Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cancer, mood disorders, CVD, reproductive disorders, liver disease
What is the most accurate way of measuring body composition
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
What makes us gain or lose weight?
-Energy balance (intake vs expenditure)
-Genetic & physiological factors
-Cultural, social factors, obesogenic environment
Total Energy Expenditure
Basal metabolism + digestion (thermic effect of food) + physical activity
TEF, BMR, PA
How do obesogenic environments and food production affect us
Encourages us to over eat
What is leptin
A hormone that our body releases making us feel full
How does leptin play into obesity
In obese people their cells develop a leptin resistance
What is a sprawl or anti-sprawl community
Sprawl refers to a community/environment that doesn’t allow you to walk to many places whereas anti-sprawl provides many walking oppourtunities
Is weight gain more prominent in sprawl or anti-sprawl communities
sprawl
What are some consequences of pandemic related shelter-in-place
-increased snack/overeating
-decrease in daily step counts
-significant increase in weight
Why does starvation decrease our BMI
Starvation causes our body to go into “survival mode”
Factors that increase BMR
Higher lean body mass
Greater height (more surface area)
Younger age
Elevated levels of thyroid hormone
Stress, fever, illness
Male sex
Pregnancy and lactation
Drugs (stimulants, caffeine, tobacco)
Factors that decrease BMR
Starvation or fasting
Lower lean body mass
Lower height
Older age
Depressed levels of thyroid
hormone
Female sex
What sex is more likely to have an increased BMR
Males
Who is most likely associated with our weight gain
Friends
Strategies for losing or gaining weight
-Gradual Change
-Regular physical activity
-Behaviour modification
ABC’s of Behaviour modification
-See the consequences
-Recognize the behaviours
-identify the antecedents
-modify the behaviour
What is glycolysis
process where glucose is broken down into pyruvate
aerobic metabolism of glucose
O2 to break down pyruvate -acetyl CoA - Kreb/Citric acid cycle -electron transport chain
anaerobic metabolism of glucose
doesn’t require oxygen pyruvate - lactic acid
Fad vs. healthy diet
fad: fast weight loss, unbalanced dieting, no physical activity
healthy: balanced diet, reasonable weight loss, no costly supplements
