Lecture 12: Trace Minerals

Question 1

heme vs. non heme iron

Answer 1

Heme: higher bioavailability, animal sources

Non-heme: low bioavailability, plant-based food, adding Vit. C promotes absorption

Question 2

How iron bioavailability could be affected by diet

Answer 2

-Vit. C (absorption of iron)
-Absorption inhibitors (Oxalates, phytates)
-Calcium (competes with iron for absorption)

Question 3

Stages of iron deficiency

Answer 3

Stage 1: iron depleted, reduced ferritin levels
Stage 2: iron-deficiency erythropoiesis, decreased iron transport
Stage 3: iron-deficiency anemia, decreased production of normal red blood cells

Question 4

Main function of copper

Answer 4

cofactor of enzyme essential for iron absorption and transport

Question 5

Disorders associated with iodine deficiency

Answer 5

-Goiter
-Cretinism
-Growth and development abnormalities

Question 6

Fluoride functions

Answer 6

-Strengthens tooth enamel
-Enhances remineralization of tooth enamel