Chapter 1 - 5 Flashcards
What is the difference EAR and RDA
EAR is a specific reference value that meets the needs of half the population, RDA meets the needs of most of the population
What are the 6 essential nutrients
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Water, Vitamins, and Minerals
Give an example of carbohydrates and its basic function
Starch, fibre, sugar
Primary source of energy
Give an example of protein and its basic function
Meats, dairy products
Provides structure to bones
Give an example of lipids and its basic function
Butter, oil
Stores energy and energy source at rest
What is the basic function of water
transports nutrients, regulates body temperature
Give an example of vitamins and its basic function
Vitamin D, E, C
Makes red blood cells and synthesizes bone tissue
Give an example of minerals and its basic function
Zinc, iron (trace minerals)
Calcium, Potassium (macrominerals)
Maintains fluid balance
What is the difference between primary and secondary malnutrition
Primary malnutrition: caused by diet
Secondly malnutrition: caused by underlying cause
Name the characteristics of a healthy diet
Adequate, balanced, calorie wise, moderation, variety
what does it mean to have an adequate diet
getting sufficient amounts of each essential nutrients
what does it mean to have a calorie wise diet
The amount of energy from nutrients you eat equals the amount of energy you expend in one day
How does diet affect developing various types of disease
Eating a good diet supplies the needed nutrients essential to maintain good health not eating a good diet can lead to nutritional deficiency and put you at risk for developing other illnesses
Name 5 factors that influence your food choice
Geography
Taste/texture/appearance
Early food experiences
Culture
Health concerns
What is the most accurate type of scientific studies
Randomized clinical trials
What are some mandatory requirements of food labelling in Canada
All packaged food must have nutrition labels reflecting contents of food products, ingredient list, nutrition facts table and nutrient content claims
What is Pepsin
A protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the stomach
What does the gallbladder store and secrete
Bile
What makes bile
The liver and transports it to the gallbladder for storage
What does the gallbladder and pancreas do during digestion
The gallbladder secrets bile which emulsifies and breaks down fat
The pancreas releases bicarbonate ions to neutralize intestinal contents
What is peristalsis
Contractions that propel/move food around
What do gastric juices contain
Hydrochloric acid and pepsin that chemically break down protein components of food
What is the science of nutrition
food: what we consume
nutrients: compounds foods essential to life and health
nutrition: how the food we eat nourishes us
What are proteins composed of
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen
Is water an organic or inorganic nutrient
inorganic
What are lipids and carbohydrates composed of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxgyen
What are fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, soluble in fat and stored in the human
What are water-soluble vitamins
C, B, soluble in water and not stored to any extend in the human body
what’s the difference between major minerals and trace minerals, give examples of each
Major minerals: needed in amounts greater than 100mg/day E.g., calcium, sodium, potassium
Trace minerals: needed in amounts less than 100mg/day E.g., Iron, copper, Zinc
List 5 factors that influence food choice
Culture, geography, taste/texture/appearance, social influence, early childhood experiences
What are the 7 characteristics of a healthy diet
- Adequate (getting sufficient amount of each essential nutrient based on your age, weight, sex)
- Balanced
- Calorie wise (energy consumed = energy expended)
- Variety
- Moderation
- Nutrient Dense
- Safe
What is Primary Malnutrition
Caused by lack of a certain nutrient in diet
How is primary malnutrition addressed
by improving diet
What is secondary malnutrition
Caused as a result of an underlying health condition
how is secondary malnutrition addressed
by determining the underlying cause
Give an example of a disease caused by nutritional deficiency or toxicity
anemia
Give an example of a disease with a strong nutritional component
Type 2 diabetes, CVD
What is the nutrition assessment (ABCD)
A: Anthropometry (asses growth, measurements)
B: Biochemical Methods (lab assessments)
C: Clinical Methods (checking for physical signs of deficiency)
D: Dietary Methods
What is the DRI
Dietary standards for healthy people
What are the DRI’s for most nutrients
EAR, RDA, AI, UL
What are the DRI’s for energy and macronutrients
EER, AMDR
What does hydrochloric acid do in the stomach
Lowers the pH of the stomach to activate pepsin
What makes a nutrient organic
If it contains carbon
What makes a nutrient organic
If it contains carbon
