Lecture 9 Anxiety

Question 1

anxiety is not ____

Answer 1

arousal

Question 2

arousal

Answer 2

A blend of physiological and psychological activation of an individual’s autonomic nervous system. – arousal happens to you and is not controlled
Ranges from deep sleep to peak activation
Neither pleasant nor unpleasant
Occurs from positive and negative events

Question 3

anxiety

Answer 3

a multidimensional emotion, more under our control that is context specific: Elicited following an appraisal (evaluation).
Universal across people of all cultures
Has a distinct physiology.
Observed through discrete facial expression and
Associated with unique set of action tendencies

Question 4

cognitive anxiety

Answer 4

athletes concerns or worries that reduces ability to focus or concentrate

Question 5

somatic anxiety

Answer 5

physiological and affective elements developing from autonomic arousal

Question 6

state anxiety

Answer 6

associated with worries and apprehension and may change from moment to moment

Question 7

trait anxiety

Answer 7

stable part of personality which predisposes an individual to perceive situations as physically or psychologically threatening

Question 8

social physique anxiety

Answer 8

experiencing anxiety due to others evaluations of physique in social settings (like in exercise at the gym)

Question 9

social anxiety

Answer 9

occurs during social situations when evaluation may happen (like speaking in front of groups)

Question 10

competitive trait anxiety

Answer 10

associated with sport or competition where for example there are concerns about body, performance and skills

Question 11

3 dimensions of anxiety response

Answer 11

intensity of symptoms
frequency of cognitive intrusions
directional interpretation of symptoms

Question 12

intensity of symptoms

Answer 12

examines amount or level of symptoms such as increase in heart rate

Question 13

directional interpretation of symptoms

Answer 13

whether facilitative (positive) or debilitative (negative)

Question 14

5 personal sources of anxiety

Answer 14

1) Age, experience, and skill level.
2) Gender
3) Trait anxiety
4) Self-confidence and self-presentational beliefs.
5) Self-regulation strategies.

Question 15

females or males experience higher social physique anxiety?

Answer 15

females

Question 16

High ___ anxiety people exhibit higher ____ anxiety in stressful situations

Answer 16

high trait exhibit high state

Question 17

self regulation strategies

Answer 17

coping skills

self-handicapping behaviours

Question 18

coping skills

Answer 18

behaviours to adjust physiological arousal and degree of worry or concern like imagery or self talk

Question 19

self handicapping behaviours

Answer 19

Actions or choices that externalize failure and internalize success – failure on someone else and success on oneself (ex. Select unattainable goals, exaggerate injuries)

Question 20

environment based sources of anxiety

Answer 20

mirrors
clothing
characteristics of other exercisers
exercise leader characteristics

Question 21

The competitive model

Answer 21

looks at sources of stress

Question 22

social environment sources of stress

Answer 22

presence of others

attributes of others

Question 23

physical environment sources of stress

Answer 23

playing field conditions

weather

Question 24

available rewards sources of stress

Answer 24

tangible rewards like money

non-tangible rewards like reinforcement of others

Question 25

task characteristics sources of stress

Answer 25

performance demands

rules of contest

Question 26

anxiety influences on exercise behaviour (people with Social physique anxiety)

Answer 26

my over exercise but still not be comfortable

may avoid exercise to all costs

Question 27

multidimensional anxiety theory

Answer 27

relationships between components of anxiety and sport performance, predicts cognitive / somatic components of anxiety & performance
predicts relationship between competitive anxiety and sport performance,
somatic arousal increases performance to a point, some levels are debilitative, cognitive anxiety has negative linear relationship with sport performance as well as worry and apprehension increases

Question 28

Zones of Optimal Functioning

Being “In-the-zone”

Answer 28

Optimal intensity state anxiety zone varies among athletes.
State anxiety is individual and athlete dependant.
Zoned athletes have better performances than those outside zone.

Question 29

what two things is the “zones” theory important for

Answer 29

1) how relationship between anxiety and performance differs between athletes
2) anxiety is not always detrimental to sport performance

Question 30

Cusp Catastrophe Theory

Answer 30

Describes combined influences of cognitive state anxiety and physiological arousal
Recognizes athletic performance is complex.

Question 31

5 predictions of the cusp catastrophe theory

Answer 31

1) When cognitive state anxiety is low, the relationship between physiological arousal (somatic anxiety) and performance is an inverted-U shape
2) When physiological arousal is low, elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with enhanced performance relative to the baseline
3) When physiological arousal is high, elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with performance declines
4) When cognitive state anxiety is high, the effects of elevations in physiological arousal can be positive or negative for performance
5) When physiological arousal is moderately high and cognitive state anxiety is high, it predicts a dramatic performance drop, a catastrophe, will occur

Question 32

2 underlying mechanisms of the anxiety - performance relationship

Answer 32

cognitive

physiological

Question 33

cognitive mechanisms (attentional problems)

Answer 33

1) state anxiety elevations reduce ability to process information so decision making is harder
2) highly anxious athletes attend to task irrelevant info more and anxiety occupies the mind
3) competitive anxiety causes shifts to conscious processing so paralysis by analysis

Question 34

physiological mechanisms

Answer 34

high arousal can decrease performance tasks and decreases coordination