Lecture 9 Anxiety Flashcards
anxiety is not ____
arousal
arousal
A blend of physiological and psychological activation of an individual’s autonomic nervous system. – arousal happens to you and is not controlled
Ranges from deep sleep to peak activation
Neither pleasant nor unpleasant
Occurs from positive and negative events
anxiety
a multidimensional emotion, more under our control that is context specific: Elicited following an appraisal (evaluation).
Universal across people of all cultures
Has a distinct physiology.
Observed through discrete facial expression and
Associated with unique set of action tendencies
cognitive anxiety
athletes concerns or worries that reduces ability to focus or concentrate
somatic anxiety
physiological and affective elements developing from autonomic arousal
state anxiety
associated with worries and apprehension and may change from moment to moment
trait anxiety
stable part of personality which predisposes an individual to perceive situations as physically or psychologically threatening
social physique anxiety
experiencing anxiety due to others evaluations of physique in social settings (like in exercise at the gym)
social anxiety
occurs during social situations when evaluation may happen (like speaking in front of groups)
competitive trait anxiety
associated with sport or competition where for example there are concerns about body, performance and skills
3 dimensions of anxiety response
intensity of symptoms
frequency of cognitive intrusions
directional interpretation of symptoms
intensity of symptoms
examines amount or level of symptoms such as increase in heart rate
directional interpretation of symptoms
whether facilitative (positive) or debilitative (negative)
5 personal sources of anxiety
1) Age, experience, and skill level.
2) Gender
3) Trait anxiety
4) Self-confidence and self-presentational beliefs.
5) Self-regulation strategies.
females or males experience higher social physique anxiety?
females
High ___ anxiety people exhibit higher ____ anxiety in stressful situations
high trait exhibit high state
self regulation strategies
coping skills
self-handicapping behaviours
coping skills
behaviours to adjust physiological arousal and degree of worry or concern like imagery or self talk
self handicapping behaviours
Actions or choices that externalize failure and internalize success – failure on someone else and success on oneself (ex. Select unattainable goals, exaggerate injuries)
environment based sources of anxiety
mirrors
clothing
characteristics of other exercisers
exercise leader characteristics
The competitive model
looks at sources of stress
social environment sources of stress
presence of others
attributes of others
physical environment sources of stress
playing field conditions
weather
available rewards sources of stress
tangible rewards like money
non-tangible rewards like reinforcement of others
task characteristics sources of stress
performance demands
rules of contest
anxiety influences on exercise behaviour (people with Social physique anxiety)
my over exercise but still not be comfortable
may avoid exercise to all costs
multidimensional anxiety theory
relationships between components of anxiety and sport performance, predicts cognitive / somatic components of anxiety & performance
predicts relationship between competitive anxiety and sport performance,
somatic arousal increases performance to a point, some levels are debilitative, cognitive anxiety has negative linear relationship with sport performance as well as worry and apprehension increases
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Being “In-the-zone”
Optimal intensity state anxiety zone varies among athletes.
State anxiety is individual and athlete dependant.
Zoned athletes have better performances than those outside zone.
what two things is the “zones” theory important for
1) how relationship between anxiety and performance differs between athletes
2) anxiety is not always detrimental to sport performance
Cusp Catastrophe Theory
Describes combined influences of cognitive state anxiety and physiological arousal
Recognizes athletic performance is complex.
5 predictions of the cusp catastrophe theory
1) When cognitive state anxiety is low, the relationship between physiological arousal (somatic anxiety) and performance is an inverted-U shape
2) When physiological arousal is low, elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with enhanced performance relative to the baseline
3) When physiological arousal is high, elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with performance declines
4) When cognitive state anxiety is high, the effects of elevations in physiological arousal can be positive or negative for performance
5) When physiological arousal is moderately high and cognitive state anxiety is high, it predicts a dramatic performance drop, a catastrophe, will occur
2 underlying mechanisms of the anxiety - performance relationship
cognitive
physiological
cognitive mechanisms (attentional problems)
1) state anxiety elevations reduce ability to process information so decision making is harder
2) highly anxious athletes attend to task irrelevant info more and anxiety occupies the mind
3) competitive anxiety causes shifts to conscious processing so paralysis by analysis
physiological mechanisms
high arousal can decrease performance tasks and decreases coordination
