Lecture 7 Motivational Theories

Question 1

Transtheoretical Model - “Stage Model”

Answer 1

behaviour change is a process whereby individuals move through a series of changes (promotion vs. inhibition)

Question 2

stages of the transtheoretical model

Answer 2

pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance

Question 3

3 factors influencing stage progression in the transtheoretical model

Answer 3

self efficacy
decisional balance (how they perceive pros and cons)
processes of change (experiential or behaviour)

Question 4

Theory of Planned Behaviour

Answer 4

personal and social factors influence behaviour, strongest determinant of behaviour is intention

Question 5

3 main factors of Theory of planned behaviour

Answer 5

attitude (+s & -s of engaging)
subjective norms (social pressure to perform)
perceived behavioural control (volitional vs. not)

Question 6

Who made the social cognitive theory?

Answer 6

bandura

Question 7

Social cognitive theory

Answer 7

human behaviour is the result of the interaction between self-beliefs and the environment, they seek and interpret info

Question 8

what is the “triadic reciprocal determinism” in the social cognitive theory

Answer 8

behaviour, personal factors and environmental events

Question 9

What is the core of the social cognitive theory

Answer 9

self-efficacy

Question 10

4 sources of self efficacy

Answer 10

mastery experience (previous performances)
physiological and affective states (physical and emotional cues)
vicarious experiences (comparing to others with similar skills)
social persuasion (self-talk and encouragement)

Question 11

Achievement goal theory

Answer 11

concept of ability is key to understanding achievement motivation, how one defines success in an achievement task

Question 12

Task Goal Orientation

Answer 12

referencing past performances as origin of competence feelings, feeling successful when one improves or learns - emphasizing mastery and effort

Question 13

Ego goal orientation

Answer 13

comparing with others to gain social status, success comes from outperforming others, you don’t care whether you have personally improved. emphasizing winning and competition

Question 14

2 considerations of the achievement goal theory

Answer 14

development

situational

Question 15

How is achievement orientation assessed in sport

Answer 15

task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ)

Question 16

4 things associated with task orientation

Answer 16

hard work is a cause for success
greater intrinsic motivation/feelings
valuing practice/commitment
pro-social

Question 17

3 things associated with ego orientation

Answer 17

avoiding practice simply to compete
can lead to negative youth experience
anti-social

Question 18

Theory of Competence motivation

Answer 18

theory that you have intrinsic motivation as a reason to do things
- individuals who hold high perceptions of competence and self-control will exert greater effort, persist longer, higher positive affect, more success = more persistence

Question 19

Sport commitment model

Answer 19

commitment is defined as psychological state representing desire or resolve to continue sport participation

Question 20

6 factors of the sport commitment model

Answer 20

1) sport enjoyment
2) involvement alternatives
3) involvement opportunities
4) personal investment
5) social constraints
6) social support

Question 21

sport enjoyment

Answer 21

positive feelings related to sport

Question 22

involvement alternatives

Answer 22

degree to which athletes feel alternate activities are more or less desirable

Question 23

involvement opportunities

Answer 23

opportunities that arise through sport involvement

Question 24

personal investment

Answer 24

personal resources devoted to sport

Question 25

social constraints

Answer 25

social expectation

Question 26

social support

Answer 26

encouragement received

Question 27

high commitment may be linked to ____ disorders

Answer 27

eating