Lecture 3 Presence of Others

Question 1

Triplett’s bike racing study (1898)

Answer 1

cyclists go faster when riding in the presence of others than when alone. fastest in competition, then agains the clock with others then against the clock alone

Question 2

Zajonc in 1965 and simple versus complex tasks

Answer 2

simple tasks (performance) = better
complex tasks (learning) = worse

Question 3

what does mere presence do?

Answer 3

mère presence does little but with evaluation people will be more aroused

Question 4

when karate athletes are evaluated, experts __ and unskilled __

Answer 4

experts performance is not affected and unskilled became worse with audience

Question 5

is home advantage / away disadvantage harder on subjectively judged or objectively scored events?

Answer 5

greater effect on subjectively judged events like figure skating

Question 6

explanations of home advanatage

Answer 6

territorial theories
familiarity
crowd hostility
distance & travel

Question 7

3 player perceptions about home advantage

Answer 7

most believed/percieved that home advantage existed
crowd support and court familiarity
confidence greater at home

Question 8

resons for home disadvantage

Answer 8

increased arousal and distraction
increased self-awareness
focus on execution of well learned rather than automatic
fear of failure increases

Question 9

what is championship choke

Answer 9

high pressure, anxiety producing final game may interfere with dominant response