Lecture 10 Leadership

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

The action of an individual to influence others to work toward set goals

Question 2

Emergent Leaders

Answer 2

leaders emerge from within the team

Question 3

what are the 2 types of emergent leaders?

Answer 3

i. Implicitly – result of skill, sociability, etc.
ex. Informal leaders (like someone who helps other people in the group just to be nice)
ii. Explicitly – nomination (ex. Team captains and assistant captains
ex. Formal leaders (don’t get paid)

Question 4

prescribed leaders

Answer 4

leader is appointed by the organization to lead the group or team
(ex. manager, coach)

Question 5

roles of a prescribed leader

Answer 5

1. Ensure that the organization’s goals are met = task success
2. Ensure that the members needs and aspirations are achieved = member satisfaction

Question 6

how are leadership theories classified

Answer 6

1) traits/behaviours of the leader

2) universal or situational

Question 7

Universal- trait approach of leadership

Answer 7

“great man theory” where effective leaders are born and have specific traits

Question 8

4 types of leadership theories

Answer 8

universal-trait
universal-behavioural
situational-trait
situational-behavioural

Question 9

universal-behavioural approach of leadership

Answer 9

specific leader behaviour patterns related to member satisfaction & performance and is focused on how leaders can satisfy common group needs

Question 10

2 factors of the universal-behavioural approach of leadership

Answer 10

consideration: recognition of individual needs
initiating structure: concern with task or ego goal orientation

OR: oriented to human relations and task productivity

Question 11

situational-trait approach of leadership

Answer 11

leadership effectiveness depends on the leaders style and the favourableness of the group-task situation

Question 12

what is LPC?

Answer 12

leaders style measured by least preferred co-worker scale which assesses the esteem which a leader has for their least preferred co-worker (high LPC = person orientd and low LPC = task oriented)
- stable personality trait

Question 13

favourableness

Answer 13

leader member relations quality
task structure
power position of the leader

Question 14

situational-trait approach of leadership

Answer 14

leadership effectiveness depends on the leaders style and the favourableness of the group-task situation

Question 15

what is LPC?

Answer 15

leaders style measured by least preferred co-worker scale which assesses the esteem which a leader has for their least preferred co-worker (high LPC = person orientd and low LPC = task oriented)
- stable personality trait

Question 16

favourableness

Answer 16

leader member relations quality
task structure
power position of the leader

Question 17

situational-behavioural approach of leadership

Answer 17

normative model of decision making that focusses on how a leader responds to a situation (autocratic vs. democratic)

Question 18

coaching behaviour assessment system

Answer 18

measures overt leadership behaviours during practices and games

Question 19

reactive behaviours (of leaders)

Answer 19

= response to a specific behaviour
Reinforcement (positive or negative, praise/reward or taking something away)
Mistake-contingent encouragement (if a person makes a mistake telling them to shake it off – see the mistake but give positive encouragement)
Punishment
Ignoring mistakes

Question 20

spontaneous behaviours (of leaders)

Answer 20

not a response to a preceding event

- general encouragement (ex. Clapping on the sideline)
- general technical instruction (not in response, just teaching)
- general communication (feedback but not necessarily to something good or bad happening)

Question 21

4 steps to CBAS program of research

Answer 21

1. Assess coaching behaviors
   
   2. Train coaches (CET – Coaching Effectiveness Training)
   3. Reassess coaching behaviors
   4. Examine effect of changes on player enjoyment and satisfaction

Question 22

positively evaluated behaviours of leaders

Answer 22

reinforcement, mistake-contingent encouragement, technical information and organization/control

Question 23

multidimensional model of leadership

Answer 23

Assesses transactional behaviours of coaches:
Training & instruction (need to know the sport and how to explain it)
Social support (participants need support and help to grow)
Positive feedback
Democratic behaviour (give
Them choices sometimes)
Autocratic behaviour (be the
Authority sometimes)

Question 24

coaches tend to exhibit high levels of

Answer 24

training & instruction

autocratic decision making

Question 25

athlete leaders tend to exhibit

Answer 25

social support
positive feedback
democratic decision making

Question 26

resins why a person in a group is chosen as a leader

Answer 26

1) focal point for group interaction and communication

2) seen by all positions and therefore ascribed status

Question 27

what does stress affect in a leader

Answer 27

decision style

leader behaviour