Lecture 10 Leadership Flashcards
Leadership
The action of an individual to influence others to work toward set goals
Emergent Leaders
leaders emerge from within the team
what are the 2 types of emergent leaders?
i. Implicitly – result of skill, sociability, etc.
ex. Informal leaders (like someone who helps other people in the group just to be nice)
ii. Explicitly – nomination (ex. Team captains and assistant captains
ex. Formal leaders (don’t get paid)
prescribed leaders
leader is appointed by the organization to lead the group or team
(ex. manager, coach)
roles of a prescribed leader
- Ensure that the organization’s goals are met = task success
- Ensure that the members needs and aspirations are achieved = member satisfaction
how are leadership theories classified
1) traits/behaviours of the leader
2) universal or situational
Universal- trait approach of leadership
“great man theory” where effective leaders are born and have specific traits
4 types of leadership theories
universal-trait
universal-behavioural
situational-trait
situational-behavioural
universal-behavioural approach of leadership
specific leader behaviour patterns related to member satisfaction & performance and is focused on how leaders can satisfy common group needs
2 factors of the universal-behavioural approach of leadership
consideration: recognition of individual needs
initiating structure: concern with task or ego goal orientation
OR: oriented to human relations and task productivity
situational-trait approach of leadership
leadership effectiveness depends on the leaders style and the favourableness of the group-task situation
what is LPC?
leaders style measured by least preferred co-worker scale which assesses the esteem which a leader has for their least preferred co-worker (high LPC = person orientd and low LPC = task oriented)
- stable personality trait
favourableness
leader member relations quality
task structure
power position of the leader
situational-trait approach of leadership
leadership effectiveness depends on the leaders style and the favourableness of the group-task situation
what is LPC?
leaders style measured by least preferred co-worker scale which assesses the esteem which a leader has for their least preferred co-worker (high LPC = person orientd and low LPC = task oriented)
- stable personality trait
favourableness
leader member relations quality
task structure
power position of the leader
situational-behavioural approach of leadership
normative model of decision making that focusses on how a leader responds to a situation (autocratic vs. democratic)
coaching behaviour assessment system
measures overt leadership behaviours during practices and games
reactive behaviours (of leaders)
= response to a specific behaviour
Reinforcement (positive or negative, praise/reward or taking something away)
Mistake-contingent encouragement (if a person makes a mistake telling them to shake it off – see the mistake but give positive encouragement)
Punishment
Ignoring mistakes
spontaneous behaviours (of leaders)
not a response to a preceding event
- general encouragement (ex. Clapping on the sideline) - general technical instruction (not in response, just teaching) - general communication (feedback but not necessarily to something good or bad happening)
4 steps to CBAS program of research
- Assess coaching behaviors
- Train coaches (CET – Coaching Effectiveness Training)
- Reassess coaching behaviors
- Examine effect of changes on player enjoyment and satisfaction
positively evaluated behaviours of leaders
reinforcement, mistake-contingent encouragement, technical information and organization/control
multidimensional model of leadership
Assesses transactional behaviours of coaches:
Training & instruction (need to know the sport and how to explain it)
Social support (participants need support and help to grow)
Positive feedback
Democratic behaviour (give
Them choices sometimes)
Autocratic behaviour (be the
Authority sometimes)
coaches tend to exhibit high levels of
training & instruction
autocratic decision making
athlete leaders tend to exhibit
social support
positive feedback
democratic decision making
resins why a person in a group is chosen as a leader
1) focal point for group interaction and communication
2) seen by all positions and therefore ascribed status
what does stress affect in a leader
decision style
leader behaviour
