Lecture 9 (Animal and Plant Poisonings) Flashcards
for rattlesnakes, what is:
- venom composition
- delivery system
enzyme-based venoms
highly efficient delivery system
for coral snakes, what is:
- venom composition
- delivery system
neurotoxin (alpha-neurotoxin)
myotoxin (phospholipase A-2)
less efficient delivery system
symptoms of rattlesnake bite
local tissue necrosis
coagulopathy: disrupted clot formation and blood coagulation
symptoms of coral snake bite
nervous system effects:
- flaccid paralysis
- respiratory failure
myolysis:
- destruction of muscle fibers
- renal failure (black urine)
treatment of rattlesnake bites
antivenom administration
stop if patients develop adverse effects due to hypersensitivity
treatment of coral snake bite
antivenom administration
stop if patients develop adverse effects due to hypersensitivity
puffer fish:
poison and symptoms
tetrodotoxin (TTX)
numbness, paralysis, respiratory paralysis, death
puffer fish:
poison basic mechanisms
Na+ ion inflow blocked
action potential failed to be generated
puffer fish:
poison treatment and prevention
supportive treatment:
- air way management, physical clearance of ingested toxin
prevention:
- don’t risk eating it
poison ivy:
poison and symptoms
urushiol – highly sticky oil resin
itchy and blistering rash
poison ivy:
basic mechanisms
T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity
poison ivy:
treatment and prevention
treatment:
- self-care methods and treat secondary symptoms
prevention:
- avoid contact
castor bean plant:
poison and symptoms
ricin: with lethal dose, severe GI may ultimately lead to death
castor bean plant:
basic mechanisms
ricin inhibits the protein translation from mRNAs
castor bean plant:
treatment and prevention
supportive treatment:
- airway management and physical clearance of ricin
prevention:
- NA; extra caution?
