Lecture 1 (History and Concepts)

Question 1

who was Hippocrates in the Greek Period?

Answer 1

Father of Medicine

came up with concept of overdose

Book of Job –> poison arrows –> in Greek, Toxikon Pharmakon –> Toxicology –> first came from Book of Job

Question 2

what is the Ebers Papyrus?

Answer 2

from 1500 BC

Egyptian medical papyrus containing herbal knowledge

purchased by Georg Ebers

Question 3

who was Paracelsus?

Answer 3

Father of Toxicology during Renaissance

all substances are poisons, just depends on dose

saw need to create antidotes

Question 4

what is the dose-response curve?

Answer 4

with increased doses, toxicity increases

there is a therapeutic range before going into toxic and lethal effect

toxicodynamics

Question 5

what is ED50?

Answer 5

effective dose at which 50% of maximal effect is reached

Question 6

what did Frances Kelsey discover?

Answer 6

pregnancy pill containing thalidomide was harming babies –> aroused support for stronger drug regulation

Question 7

who was Rachel Carson?

Answer 7

wrote “Silent Spring” exposing harmful effects of DDT and raised concern of air and water pollution

led to establishment of EPA