Lecture 8 (Forensics in Animal Poisoning) Flashcards
what are the 4 major components of vet diagnostic toxicology?
1) clinical syndromes/information/signs is consistent with suspected toxicant
2) pathology
3) biomarker
4) analytical tests
case of dog suddenly dying
death was due to carbofuran (carbamate insecticide)
lead poisoning:
sources of lead
batteries
- in pasture
- trash piles
- burned trash piles (soil)
- ground up in feed mixtures
lead paint on buildings
in trash piles and old containers
lead shot eaten by livestock
lead poisoning:
diagnosis
may see laminar cortical necrosis in brains
- polioencephalomalacia
- UV fluorescence
detection of lead in whole blood, feces, urine, or milk w/ clinical signs
radiographic evidence of metal in GI tract
lead poisoning:
treatment
metal chelator (calcium disodium EDTA or DMSA)
how does lead enter the body?
RBC –> soft tissue –> bone deposits
lead can cross ___ and be in ___
as a result, ___ can be exposed to lead
placenta, be in milk
dairy cattle
how does lead end up in eggs?
chickens eating paint chips
lead only leaves bone by osteolysis during:
calcium demand
acidosis
calcium demand during osteolysis to make lead leave bone
describe calcium demand
pregnancy
calcium deficiency
egg laying
hyperparathyroidism
acidosis during osteolysis to make lead leave bone
describe acidosis
exercise
metabolic or respiratory acidosis
what are cats deficient in?
glucuronyl trasnferase
what is the result of cats being deficient in glucuronyl transferase?
sensitive to acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity –> causes liver damage
why is chocolate toxic to dogs?
they are slow in metabolizing theobromine –> theobromine is a stimulant that stimulates central nervous system and heart
what is the result of dogs being slow to metabolize theobromine?
chocolate is toxic
