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Geography 103 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a water table

A

The line of complete saturation above the groundwater. This is a dynamic and changing boundary

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2
Q

Define through flow.

A

Horizontal flow of water within the soul matrix above the water table. This happens when soil becomes saturated and the water moves due to gravity towards a stream or lake

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3
Q

Define groundwater flow.

A

Underground topographic flow of groundwater due to gravity.

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4
Q

Define percolation

A

Vertical movement of water downward through a soil matrix

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5
Q

True or False:

The ground water zone is totally saturated

A

True

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6
Q

True or False:

Ground water supplies lakes and rivers but not oceans.

A

False. It supplies all three

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7
Q

Do larger or smaller sediments promote quicker groundwater flow?

A

Smaller

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8
Q

What is unconfined groundwater?

A

Groundwater not restricted by an impervious layer of rock

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9
Q

Define a perched water table.

A

A water table present above another water table due to an impervious rock layer

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10
Q

What happens to confined groundwater.

A

It becomes pressurized

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11
Q

True or False:

An artesian well occurs when pressurized confined groundwater reaches the surface

A

True

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12
Q

What recharges groundwater?

A

Precipitation percolating down

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13
Q

True or False:

Groundwater has a short residence time

A

False

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14
Q

What can intercept precipitation in its way to groundwater?

A

Vegetation absorbing water from the ground or catching it in the canopy

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15
Q

What is infiltration?

A

Water entering a soil matrix

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16
Q

What is the difference between the zone of aeration and the water table?

A

The water table is complete saturation and the zone of aeration is only partially saturated

17
Q

Name three methods of water energy movement.

A

Hydroscopic, capillary, gravitational

18
Q

Define hydroscopic movement of water.

A

Microscopic particle adhesion. Very small scale

19
Q

Define the capillary movement of water.

A

Held in the pour matrix

20
Q

Define the gravitational flow of water

A

Water flowing readily through large spaces

21
Q

What is the order of strength in the methods of water movement

A

Hydroscopic > capillary > gravitational

22
Q

What three things will increase the permeability of soil?

A

Add gravel under
Sand on the top
Aerate

23
Q

What is porosity?

A

% volume pore space in a rock or sediment. It is a measure of holding capacity

24
Q

Does clay have a low or high water retention? Why?

A

High. Because of the larger surface area. Clay is platelets of minerals and lots of water can adhere to this

25
Q

Define hydraulic conductivity.

A

Ability of water to flow.

26
Q

Define permeability.

A

The ability of a substrate to transmit water, requires the water to be connected and varies with pore size.

27
Q

Define and aquitard.

A

A surface not permeable to water

28
Q

Define and aquifer

A

A substance containing water

29
Q

What makes a well flow?

A

There must be surface pressure

30
Q

What three things control groundwater movement

A

Substrate: porosity and permeability

Pressure: a function of the weight of the water at a depth

Elevation: potential energy above sea level

31
Q

True or False:

Groundwater flows low to high pressure

A

False

32
Q

Where does water flow when the water table is high?

A

Down

33
Q

True or false:

Water will flow up towards a low discharge area

A

True

34
Q

What is hydraulic head?

A

A function of pressure and elevation that is a length term.

35
Q

What causes a cone of depression?

A

A well inserted into ground water that drains the surrounding groundwater

36
Q

What is Groundwater?

A

Water that occupies space in the pores of sediment or rock below the earths surface

Geography 103 (14 decks)

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