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Geography 103 > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of glacier makes a ā€˜Uā€™ shaped valley

A

Alpine glacier

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2
Q

What is a glacier?

A

A large long lasting accumulation of snow and ice that develops on land, they flow due to weight and gravity

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3
Q

What is bigger a alpine or continental glacier?

A

Continental

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4
Q

What is ablation?

A

Surface removal of ice or snow from a glacier or snow field

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5
Q

What separates glaciers from large ice sheets?

A

Movement

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6
Q

What makes glaciers move?

A

The ice becoming too heavy and gravity pulls them in a plastic flow

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7
Q

What is a temperate glacier?

A

A glacier that has a layer 10-20m beneath snow that is at the pressure melting point

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8
Q

Define basal sliding.

A

The sliding over a glacier over a surface

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9
Q

Why does the bottom of a glacier melt when in contact with the surface of the earth?

A

It melts due to the overwhelming pressure on the bottom. The water reduces friction and the glacier will increase pace

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10
Q

True or False

Glaciers can be considered a system.

A

True

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11
Q

What makes glaciers a system?

A

They have inputs and outputs

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12
Q

What are the glacier inputs?

A

Water and sediment

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13
Q

What are the glacier outputs?

A

Water, vapour and sediment

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14
Q

What is till?

A

Heterogeneous sediment deposited directly by a glacier. Particles have not been sorted.

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15
Q

What is a moraine?

A

A hill of glacial till deposited directly by a glacier. Terminal moraines mark a glaciers furthest point

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16
Q

What is a firm limit? Where is it located on a glacier?

A

The firm limit is the lower boundary of the zone of accumulation where snow accumulates on an annual basis. It it the middle of the top of the glacier

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17
Q

True or False:

Glaciers size remain constant

A

False, they change size with the seasons

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18
Q

If the input of a glacier is equal to its output what happens?

A

The glacier appears to be standing still.

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19
Q

What is calving?

A

The loss of glacier mass when ice breaks off into a water body

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20
Q

How do glaciers pick up sediment?

A

As they move they pick up sediment by the freezing and and melting of bottom ice.

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21
Q

What is scouring?

A

When glaciers move across bedrock dragging sediment they create scratches in the surface

22
Q

Name two features caused by scouring?

A

Striations and glacial polish

23
Q

What are striations?

A

An erosional landform that creates grooves caused by sediment dragged on bedrock.

24
Q

What is glacial polish?

A

A glacial erosional feature caused by abrasion and scouring smoothing a rocks surface. This grinds rock into fine clay.

25
Q

What is glacial milk?

A

Glacier fed water that is filled with fine texture

26
Q

What is plucking?

A

A glacial erosional process that detaches particles from a surface by pulling sediment off a rock face

27
Q

What side of a hill will be more likely to have plucking?

A

The lee-side

28
Q

What is Roche moutonnee?

A

A feature caused by abrasion and plucking. A smoothed side and a rough side

29
Q

How do glaciers flow?

A

On the path of least resistance pulled by gravity

30
Q

What shape do alpine glaciers make?

A

U

31
Q

What are hanging valleys caused by?

A

A smaller glacier meeting a larger glacier creating a cliff. It can also be caused by a second glacier passing through one tunnel multiple times and widening the valley

32
Q

What are cirques?

A

Bowl shaped valleys at the head of a glacier valley.

33
Q

What are horns?

A

The peak of a mountain surrounded by cirques.

34
Q

What is an Aretes?

A

A narrow ridge between two glacier valleys

35
Q

True or False:

Alpine glacier features are more subtle than continental glacier features

A

False, continental glaciers make more subtle features due to sheer size

36
Q

What is a common continental glacier feature?

A

Lakes

37
Q

What are glaciofluvial deposits?

A

The sediment carried by melt water.

38
Q

What creates a recessional moraine?

A

A retreating glacier

39
Q

What are lateral moraines?

A

Cause by sediment along side a glacier

40
Q

What are medial moraines?

A

Two combined lateral moraines

41
Q

What are some examples of outwash deposits?

A

Sand erosion, deposition and transport by meltwater. Outwash plain caused by many meltwater streams are carrying sand in front of a glacier.

42
Q

What is a kame?

A

Steep conical hill made of glaciofluvial sediment that piles up in a glacial crevasse transported by meltwater

43
Q

What is an esker?

A

Long twisting ridges of sediment found on earths surface, these are remains of glacier streams that are placed on the ground prior to the ice melt

44
Q

What is a drumlin?

A

A teaspoon shaped hill indicating flow direction made of glacial deposits

45
Q

What is a kettle hole?

A

Created by rapid melting of ice when pieces of a glacier break off and melt they form bodies of water

46
Q

True or False:

Glacial systems are closed systems

A

False they are open

47
Q

What does negative balance mean?

A

A receding glacier

48
Q

What are glacial erratics?

A

Large rocks carried by glaciers

49
Q

Pro glacial lakes are filled with what?

A

Glacial milk

50
Q

Define paleoclimatic.

A

Climate conditions in the geological past reconstructed from a direct or indirect source.

Geography 103 (14 decks)

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