Lecture 4 Flashcards
What 11 gases make up air?
Nitrogen Oxygen Water Argon Carbon dioxide Neon Helium Methane Hydrogen Nitrous oxide Ozone
Name five greenhouse gasses.
Water Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxide Methane Ozone
Air ______ varies but mass stays the same.
Composition
Volcano eruptions can increase the amount of ___________ in a region.
Greenhouse gases
Methane is a ______ effective GHG than carbon dioxide.
More
Ozone absorbs what form of radiation?
UV
What human produced chemicals harm the ozone layer?
CFC’s and aerosols
Aerosols can be described as:
Solid or liquid particles in the atmosphere other than water, they can be formed by sea spray, volcanoes, antropogenic (combustion). It is also called condensation nuclei
Name 4 atmospheric layers in order from the surface.
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
What is the atmosphere?
Matter and energy being exchanged through different processes.
Name the three atmospheric boundaries.
Tropopause, stratopause, mesopause.
What defines a atmospheric boundary?
Drastic temperature inversion.
Why do clouds generally have an anvil top?
They have hit the tropopause and the temperature inversion stops further ascension.
What atmospheric layer is the jet stream in?
Stratosphere.
What atmospheric layer does most weather occur in?
Troposphere.
What atmospheric layer does most ozone reside in?
Stratosphere.
Define Insolation.
The exposure of the Suns radiation. The amount of rays reaching a given area and the angle they hit at.
Where does the highest amount of Insolation occur?
The equator.
Define Energy.
The capacity to do work.
Define Matter.
The material that constructs everything in the earth and the universe.
Name the two most common forms of energy.
Kinetic and potential.
Kinetic energy is _______ energy.
Motion.
What is potential energy?
The possible energy of something, how much it can possibly do.
Chemical energy is the result of what?
Chemical reactions.
Atomic energy is what?
Nuclear energy.
Electrical energy is created by…
A charge between two objects.
Energy and matter cannot be…..
Created or destroyed only transferred.
Define Heat Capacity.
The amount of heat energy absorbed by a substance associated to its corresponding temperature increase.
Define Specific Heat.
The amount of heat required to raise 1g of a substance 1 degC
Define Sensible Heat.
Heat that can be measured.
Define Latent Heat.
Heat required to change state. Not measurable.
Where does shortwave energy come from?
The sun.
Describe the variables in this equation:
K* = (K + k) (1 - a)
K* = net shortwave radiation K = direct shortwave radiation k = diffused shortwave radiation. a = albedo
Longwave energy comes from the _____.
Earth.
Identify the variables in this equation:
L* = (LD - LU)
L* = net longwave radiation LD = atmospheric counter radiation LU = longwave radiation lost
What does Net Radiation refer to?
Balance of shortwave and longwave radiation.
Define Flux.
Energy redirected in latent heat, sensible heat and surface heat.
