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Geography 103 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is shear stress the driving or resisting force?

A

Driving

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2
Q

What is shear stress?

A

The downslope force from gravity acting on mass slope. Driving force

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3
Q

Is shear strength the driving or resisting force?

A

Resisting

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4
Q

What is shear strength?

A

Retaining force due to particle arrangement. Resisting force

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5
Q

What forced are at work in mass wasting?

A

Driving force (shear stress)

Resisting force (shear strength)

Force of gravity

Normal

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6
Q

What is pour water pressure?

A

The strength of water in a matrix. When it is negative there is suction, when it is positive there is buoyancy.

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7
Q

What is the factor of safety?

A

Driving force

Stress

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8
Q

When does a slope because unstable?

A

When the factor of safety is less than 1

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9
Q

What three factors control mass wasting?

A

Strength of slope materials
Slope over steepening
Water content

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10
Q

What can act as a triggering mechanism for mass wasting?

A

Earthquake

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11
Q

Is mass wasting natural?

A

Yes when a slope is trying to come back to equilibrium

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12
Q

What are the five roles of water in mass wasting?

A 
Lubrication (reduces friction)
Erosive agent (direct removal)
Added weight (1000x more dense than air)
Positive pour water pressure (buoyancy)
Dissolves cohesive agents (clays minerals)
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13
Q

What are the four main types of mass wasting?

A

Creep
Slump
Flows and slides
Falls

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14
Q

What distinguishes the four main types of mass wasting?

A

Speed
Material
Moisture

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15
Q

Define a soil creep.

A

Slow gradual down slope movement of surface material, low water content.

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16
Q

Define solifluction.

A

Slow Downslope movement of saturated sediment lobes.

17
Q

What differs gelifluction and solifluction?

A

Gelifluction occurs when ice is present

18
Q

Define a slump.

A

Quick release of sediment in a rotational motion

19
Q

Define a flow.

A

Movement of materials with high moisture very quickly

20
Q

Define falls and slides.

A

Rapid movement of material either through air (fall)or down a slope (slide)

21
Q

What is the number one most fatal natural hazard?

A

Flooding

22
Q

Do colder or warmer climates promote faster weathering?

A

Warmer

23
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

The downslope movement of earth material. It occurs when the driving force exceeds the resisting force

Geography 103 (14 decks)

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