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Geography 103 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Hadley cell?

A

The hypothetical model of air circulation in the atmosphere. It states that there is one cell that rises at the equator and falls at the poles.

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2
Q

Why is the Hadley cell only hypothetical?

A

It only works if the earth is not rotating, an made of uniform material. Which is not true

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3
Q

What is the three cell atmospheric circulation model?

A

Three cells of rising air away from the equator to the poles.

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4
Q

What are the three cells in the atmospheric circulation model?

A

Hadley: from the equator
Ferrel: mid latitude
Polar: drops at the poles

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5
Q

What two things complicate the 3 cell model?

A

Different thermal response of oceans and land.

Earths tilt and season change and rotation.

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6
Q

What are some effects of three cell model atmospheric circulation?

A

North and south hemisphere
Semi permanent high and low pressure zones.
Major feature shift seasonally due to sun angle

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7
Q

What creates wind? (2)

A

Movement of air masses due to pressure differences.

Different heating due to changing Insolation

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8
Q

Pressure moves from a _______ to _______ pressure zone.

A

High, low

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9
Q

What makes wind a vector?

A

It has a magnitude and direction.

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10
Q

True or false:

Wind is named for the location it moves in.

A

False, wind is named for its origin

Ex) wind from the west is westerlies

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11
Q

What do isobars show?

A

Pressure gradients

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12
Q

What are four driving forces of wind?

A

Pressure gradient force (PGF)
Coriolis force
Centripetal force
Friction

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13
Q

True or false:

Pressure gradient force only effects global scale wind patterns.

A

False, it drives both global and local winds.

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14
Q

What is pressure gradient force driven by?

A

Different pressures and air masses moving high to low.

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15
Q

What causes Coriolis force?

A

Earths rotation.

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16
Q

In the Northern hemisphere wind is deflected to the _________ and in the Southern Hemisphere to the ________.

A

Right, left

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17
Q

Cyclones in the northern hemisphere rotate ____________.

A

Counterclockwise

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18
Q

True or false:

In the Southern Hemisphere air masses rotate clockwise.

A

True

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19
Q

What causes geostrophic winds?

A

Pressure gradient force and Coriolis force.

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20
Q

What direction do geostrophic winds move? And why?

A

They move parallel to contures due to Coriolis force.

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21
Q

The closer to earths surface the ________ impact Coriolis force has.

A

Less

22
Q

What is centripetal acceleration?

A

Inward force perpendicular to the path of motion.

23
Q

True or false:

Centripetal acceleration contributes to circular rotation around high and low pressure zones.

A

True

24
Q

What three driving forces of wind cause gradient wind?

A

Pressure gradient force
Coriolis force
Centripetal acceleration

25
Q

What is gradient wind?

A

The flow of at around a high or low pressure zone.

26
Q

What is friction?

A

The drag force, creates when two things come in contact and their interaction causes a deceleration.

27
Q

How does friction effect atmospheric circulation?

A

Earths surface slows wind down in low altitudes creating atmospheric drag. Also creates a boundary layer.

28
Q

What forces create circulation in surface winds?

A

Pressure gradient force
Coriolis force
Centripetal acceleration
Friction force

29
Q

In low pressure zones surface wind is _________ and so wind is moving ________

A

Converging, upward

30
Q

True or false:

Wind in a high pressure zone is diverging from the centre and pulling wind down.

A

True

31
Q

What is an air mass?

A

A large body of air of the same temperature and humidity.

32
Q

What is more dry, a continental air mass or a Maritime air mass?

A

Continental

33
Q

What is the one cell model when looking at atmospheric circulation?

A

Hadley cell

34
Q

What is subsidence?

A

The divergence from the centre of a high pressure zone

35
Q

What is a cold front?

A

A cold air front meeting and colliding with warm air

36
Q

What is the result of a cold front?

A

Rapid uplift creating more violent weather

37
Q

True or false

A cold front raises over the top of a warm front when they come into contact.

A

False

38
Q

What is a warm front?

A

A warm front coming in contact with a cold front and gradually easing over the top.

39
Q

True or false

Warm fronts creates less violent weather than cold fronts.

A

True

40
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

When one cold front catches another pushing up a warm front.

41
Q

Define cyclogenesis.

A

Winds moving around a pressure zone, slowly the cold front will catch the cold front and over take it.
Resulting in an occluded front.

42
Q

True or false

Warm front move faster than cold fronts

A

False

43
Q

Name the three main types of storms.

A

Extra-tropical (mid-latitude) cyclones
Tropical cyclones
Meso-scale

44
Q

What direction do extra-tropical storms move?

A

West to east, across Canada.

45
Q

Where do extra-tropical cyclones normally occur?

A

Mid-latitude

46
Q

What makes a extra-tropical cyclone?

A

A strong temperature gradient
Lots of available moisture
Upper air contributions.

47
Q

What is the Intertropical Convergence Zone?

A

A zone of low atmospheric pressure located at the equator due to global wind convergence and convection from heating.

48
Q

What is cyclogenesis?

A

Warm and cold air masses moving around a low pressure zone eventually the cold front over takes the warm front and creates an occluded front.

49
Q

What direction do cyclones travel?

A

East

50
Q

True or false

ITCZ is stationary year round

A

False, it migrates seasonally

Geography 103 (14 decks)

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