Lecture 9 Flashcards
what is often confused
difference between state and nation
what is state
government (government of canada is state)
what is an example of a nation
canadian people
where does the nation and state confusion come from
today around world there is expectation of a nation state (state designed for a specific nation)
example of greek nation state
greeks are nation, nation of people have a state, greece, specifically for them
what do nations have
common language, common culture, and often common religion
just because a group is a nation
does not mean they get a state
can nation expand outside of state
yes
greeks living in canada and US
where did the relatively new idea of nations needing their own state come from
can be traced back to revolutionary france
nationalism
idea of promoting the nation
what happened after french revolution
other nations across europe started to agitate to get their own state
example of other nations getting own state
- germany didnt exist until 1871
- italy wasn’t created until 1861
what did the agitation for nation states lead to
creation of nation states throughout europe
spreads around world
what is the idea of nation state built around
ethnic nationalism
ethnic nationalism
nationalism built off of an ethnicity
what is reality of ethnic nationalism
a much as we think france, etc. is homogenous there is fair amount of diveristy and complexity within even states you would call homogenous
what does idea of state mask
the complex state
what plays a role in sport
construction of an identity and construct of nation
where can ethnic nationalism not be embraced
africa, middle east and canada
why doesn’t ethnic nationalism work in these places
different nations in the same state
what is an example of lack of ethnic homogeneity
nigeria
ethnic nationalism doesn’t work in a place there are
multiple nations unless one nation becomes dominant and oppresses the others
why can Canada not have ethnic nationalism
have multiple nations in the state
- english and french
up until 1960s what was the ethnic identity of english canada
british
up until 1960s what did french canadians have and what did english canadians have
both has own ethnic nationalism
what was ethnic identity of french canada
sis not think of themselves of french from france
french canadian
what did canada have to adopt from its creation
pluralist institutions (a government that can work with more than one group)
what are the pluralist institutions designed around
more than one nation, english and french
what begins to happen in 1960s
canada begins to define themselves as separate nation from great britain
where can the origins of canadian nationalism be traced back to
battle of vimy ridge and first world war
what is the beginning of canadian nationalism
when we begin to develop distinctly and differently from GB
After WW2 what happens to canada
flooded with immigrants from not just GB
logical conclusion was to think of as separate palce
what is the problem for why canadian identity cannot build off of ethnic identity
cannot be english or french and accomodate immigrants
what must canada construct their identity off of
civic nationalism
civic nationalism
idea of promoting the state itself rather than any specific ethnicity
what did canada use to promote canada, not a specific ethnicity
sport
what lends itself wonderfully to civic nationalism
sport
what had to be constructed that doesnt if ethnic nationalism
- had to construct civic nationalism
- ethnic nationalism just exists
why was policy of multiculturalism adopted
because no ethnic nationalism to fall back on and waves of immigration moving in
multiculturalism
idea you could come here and keep ethnic identity as long as follow civic ideals
ex) chinese-canadian, greek-canadian
what did canada begin to emphasize to promote civic nationalism
symbols and values
ex) flag, national anthem, heroes,
why is embracing heroes problematic
get tied to politics and often one side is hero and other is vilain
what kind of heroes are not problematic
sports heroes
what is a way to use sport as a useful tool to solidify indentity
embrace a particular sport as their national sport
how was the national sport used as a tool
- to promote civic nationalism
- promote people to cheer for canada
- everyone can cheer for your sports team
what does the government lean into
sport as promoting nationalism
without national identity of state
there is no glue, only state
what happens when canada begins to promote their national identity in 1960s
canadian nationalism takes off
example of distinct separation from GB
faukland island war
what happened in 1914, 1939, and 1982
- went to war automatically with GB
- voted to go but no doubt we would go because GB declared war
- we did nothing
what was faukland island war
GB declared war on argentina for faukland islands
- didnt occur to us to go to war with britain
by 1980s what had happened
connection to GB had faded so dramatically that we thought of ourselves as canadians
what was cosntruction of canadian identity largely based off
values
what did pierre trudeau provide in 1982
the charter and tried to tell us that canadian values are charter values
what type of values did pierre trudeau tell us ours were
liberal
liberal
belief in liberalism, which is an ideology
Liberal
member of Liberal party of canada
what did trudeau succeed in
making canada a liberal country (liberalism)
what did trudeau hate
nationalism
charter was his solution to solve nationalism (especially quebec nationalism)
liberalism
ideology (communism, feminism), argues society should be organized around principle of maximizing individual freedom
why can we embrace individual freedom
we believe humans are rational, because rational freedom works, rationally choose to do best things for ourselves
because rational and individual, what is best way for two individuals to become best versions of themselves
put them into competition
in order to become best self
must become better than other person
what is the assumption with rational competition
everyone is going to compete rationally and properly, work hard yourself
what is the education system based off of
liberalism
makes everything a competition
what lends itself easy to idea of competition in liberalism
sport
what did trudeau want with giving everyone individual rights
won’t need nationalism
he thought it was a problem
how did trudeau think he could reduce the connection to nation
by having a state where every single citizen has individual rights and that supercedes the rights as belonging to the national identity
what did trudeau think that would stop with french canada
stop seeing themselves as french canadian
why was trudeau trying to fight against quebec nationalism
process of quiet revolution in quebec in 1960s
what did quiet revolutions see
dramatic change in quebec society
shift to secular statist society
what does secular mean
seperation between church and government (separate from catholic church)
what happened in quebec when catholic church is taken out
creates a power vacuum that is filled by the state
statism
turn to state for a solution to problems
what led to statism
secularism
what does statism lead to
sovereignty movement
what is sovereignty movement in quebec
- as province becomes bigger in protecting language, etc people though it would be easier if didnt have to deal with canada
- quebec could run itself
- allow them to embrace ethnic nationalism
what did sovereignty movement lead to
interesting sporting scenarios where french and english played
- infused as a quebec team playing english team
what became an element of canadian sport
quebec identity that was in opposition to rest of canada
what became intertwined in canada
politics and sport
starting in 1960s what did hockey become
part of canadian culture as something that promotes nation
what was hockey always
professional
what did hockey always being professional lead to
where do we promote nation when play internationally
olympics (amateur)
no chance to showcase how good we are at our favorite sport
when was dynastic period of hockey
70s and 80s
good and could win stanley cups
dominated
who dominated in the international competition
soviet union
soviet union
communist country that was composed of all countries around russia (russia + 15 others)
what was russia to canada
ideologically opposed
communist vs liberal
why can you never have communism and liberalism
they will always seek to absorb the other one
communists were trying to take over the world and they were
liberalism was trying to get rid of communism, and they were
why did we never have WW3
nukes
actual fighting between western and soviet union was impossible so what did they fight with
sport
what did they want to use sport to do
demonstrate superiority over the other nation
what was cold war
war between americans and soviets (+ their allies)
never actual fighting
what did sport during cold war provide
release
americans, canadians, etc. vs soviet union
liberalism and democracy agaisnt communism
why did we not compete agaisnt soviets often
sent amateurs to olympics
they sent very best players
what happened in 1972
soviet union and canada agree to play a hockey series, canada gets to send very best players (NHL superstars) to play their very best players
summit series
4 games in canada and 4 games in SU
what did we think would happen during summit series
- get to show our stuff
- lost 3/4 games on home soil
what happened when we lost 3/4 games on home soil
national crisis
how did summit series end
- went to SU and won then last game we were tied and if game remained tied soviets would win
- canada got last minute goal
- canada won
what was most watched sporting event in canadian history
summit series
what kind of series was summit series
exhibition
meant nothing in terms of actual competition but was more
proxy of US vs soviets and our system vs theirs
what happens in 1990s with hockey and sport
run into problem
- canadian teams start to stuggle agaisnt american
- even internationally, canada struggles
as canada becomes more liberal, what is liberalism usually tied to
less government and lower taxes
in other countries what happens when a team starts to struggle at national sport
often see governmental response
when canadian government eventually got involved what happened
huge backlash
development of hockey needed to be hockey itself
for most part what has government done with promotion of hockey
stayed out of it
stayed out of government intervention
why do politicians like to promote sports for popularity
because they are such a patriotic thing in this country
what is one perceptions on politics and sport
shouldn’t have anything to do with one another
what do governments do even when they cant get involved
show up to sports
why does government support get complicated
- sport is connected to local economy
what is the problem with sport and politics
how much should local economy invest in local sports franchise and say its a public investment to a private institution (not a good look)
many of our own private sports franchises struggle and what to they threaten
to leave if they dont get a better deal
what happens if the team leaves
lose the economic benefits of having that team in your city
generate lots of economic activity: eat, stay, drink, shop
what are we still figuring out when funding teams
how much public money to promote sports teams
we lose teams and teams find it difficult to compete
answer is public money but usually a no go
