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Kin 233 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the biological realities and social constructs

A

biological category of sex and social construction, gender

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2
Q

socially constructed ideals of masculinity and femininity

A

ideas of how man should be and act, ideas of how women should be and act

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3
Q

how much are socially constructed ideas affected by biological reality of being man or woman

A

some people say no connection at all
some say they are completely related
some say everything in between

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4
Q

what is there incredible proof for

A

both sides of argument involving if socially constructed ideals are influenced by biological realities

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5
Q

up until 10 years ago what was the view

A

they were connected

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6
Q

when it comes to sport what is the reality in vast majority of sports

A

designed around men’s bodies
(i.e., football, basketball, wrestling, boxing)
designed for men by men

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7
Q

what to sports tend to emphasize

A

explosive power and muscle mass

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8
Q

what directly impacts women’s participation

A

sports were designed for men’s more muscle mass that gives them more explosive power

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9
Q

how much more muscle mass do men have at the same weight as another woman

A

30%

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10
Q

examples of sports that tend to privilege women

A

gymnastics, dance (lighter, flexible)

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11
Q

what kinds of categories do sports go into to make fair

A

men and women, weight classes, disabled people, age

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12
Q

why do we divide sports

A

based on idea of competitive fairness

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13
Q

until 1960s what was there a very sharp division in

A

private and public spheres

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14
Q

2 explanations for separation of spheres

A
  • power relationships (dynamics)
  • historical response to biological realities
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15
Q

power dynamics

A

when spheres are separated, serves to oppress women

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16
Q

what was a language constructed around

A

power dynamics and oppressing women

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17
Q

what is the constructed language created by

A

2 categories of male and female
binary opposition (connected but in opposition)

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18
Q

binary opposition of men and female

A

not just opposite
all ideas connected to them are also in opposition

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19
Q

examples of language in opposition for men and women

A

men-strong
female- weak, fragile
men- stoic
female- emotional and cries

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20
Q

what does the language in opposition serve to do

A

oppress women

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21
Q

how did the language of opposition play out in sports

A

way we talk about women in sports
why they weren’t allowed to play for so long

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22
Q

what rejects everything about power dynamics and the language

A

argument of the separation of spheres being logical outcome of biological realities of men and women

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23
Q

what are the biological realities that caused the historical response

A
  • women are more valuable then men, can give birth
  • can give birth with multiple partners
  • more dangerous jobs given to men, they are less valuable
  • women stay home where safer
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24
Q

what is the historical response of the biological realities not about

A

language or power
logical evolution and about continuation of society and whats best for society

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25
Q

what is one of outgrowths from canadian sport

A

violence (intended to be violent)

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26
Q

why is violence attached to canadian sport

A

because in public sphere and expected to be masculine

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27
Q

what 2 things are strongly linked

A

masculinity and military

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28
Q

what does militarism have a direct link to

A

sport

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29
Q

what did sport serve as an anecdote to

A

men becoming too weak to fight

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30
Q

what we men serving white collared jobs not tough enough to do

A

fight in next war

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31
Q

why was it good that sports were violent and good they hurt

A

prepare men for war and toughen them up

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32
Q

what language is embedded in sport

A

military language
i.e., blitz, football term for attacking all out

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33
Q

what was violence firmly tied to

A

masculine ideas of sport

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34
Q

what do courts do for sport sanctioned violence

A

stay out of it

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35
Q

what happens when people break sport rules in a violent way

A

police don’t get involved
league gets involved
sport lays punishment

36
Q

what can you do in sports arena (violence)

A

things that would get you arrested if done outside (violence was sanctioned)

37
Q

if players injured deliberately by someone else

A

only can be punished by league or victim seek compensation from league
cannot be charged or sued

38
Q

why can you not charge or sue someone else

A

you agreed to allow this to happen by participating in sport

39
Q

highest risk of injury of any competitive sport

A

competitive cheerleading

40
Q

what sports are less violent now

A

soccer, football, hockey

41
Q

last 30 years what has happened to sport

A

violence has slowly been taken out of sport

42
Q

what is connected to violence

A

injury

43
Q

what is the ideals of injury

A

to show pain is considered unmanly, still exists

44
Q

how do we demonstrate masculinity when injured

A

ability to endure pain
- people celebrate people who can play through injury
- continues to present

45
Q

why weren’t women supposed to play sport

A

viewed as fragile and dangerous to health

46
Q

what were the pseudoscientific arguments for why women can’t participate in sport

A
  • sweat is bad for women, exercise which generates sweat is bad for them
  • women only have certain amount of life force, must be concentrated on making babies, when exerting themselves they are diverting life force from children
47
Q

what was idea when women started using bicycles

A

concern they might enjoy bicycle in sexual way, were considered next to prostitutes

48
Q

what women’s clothes limited their physical mobility

A
  • corset
  • bussell
49
Q

what did women’s fashion serve to do

A

limit their mobility and physical activity

50
Q

what was stereotype of fainting women

A

not stereotype
tended to faint because they couldn’t breathe
insides not meant to be squeezed

51
Q

what was bussell

A

cage under dress
can only move a little bit

52
Q

what was first sport that women began to do

A

began to bike and it became for acceptable

53
Q

what was big part of women beginning to bike

A

safety bike
bike we know today

54
Q

what did they use before safety bike

A

penny farthing
first bike
giant front wheel and tiny back wheel

55
Q

why was penny farthing dangerous

A

if bike falls you’re falling a far distance

56
Q

where did womens bike clubs form

A

in and around montreal

57
Q

what did the womens bike clubs do

A

bike together in groups

58
Q

what was the main socially acceptable venue for women to partake in PA

A

biking

59
Q

what were majority of women doing at same time of pseudoscience

A
  • were very active
  • most lived in countryside and helped on farm, lots of hard work on regular basis
60
Q

whose ideals were the idea of not doing any PA

A

upper class and middle class
did not correspond with majority of women (lower class)

61
Q

what does class serve as

A

a way to separate yourself from someone else

62
Q

beginning in 20th century women

A

began to take part in sport but in a limited capacity

63
Q

how was female participation limited in a way that male was not

A
  • picked because they looked feminine, had chaperone everywhere they went, had to go to finishing school
  • dresses
64
Q

what were the limitations to women designed for

A

preserve their femininity because they were playing something masculine and feared they would become masculine

65
Q

what are examples of gendered sports

A

ringette and figure skating

66
Q

when sports become gendered as feminine what happens to men who still play sport

A

they become feminized
- assumption that any guy who figure skates is gay

67
Q

what sport is specifically designed for women

A

ringette

68
Q

why was ringette created

A

safer
- more likely to get hurt by puck
- not masculinized by playing male sport

69
Q

why is ringette not popular anymore

A

womens hockey exploded

70
Q

Ethel Catherwood (the saskatoon lily)

A
  • canadas only olympic women’s medalist in track and field
  • won gold in 1928 in high jump
71
Q

what were women continuosly judged on

A

not just athletic ability but looks as well

72
Q

Kournikova

A
  • never world champion in tennis
  • most famous because beatiful
73
Q

what has body image now transferred to

A

men

74
Q

who has historically had to deal with unrealistic body images

A

women

75
Q

what did sport often lead to

A

body that was against traditional beauty model for women

76
Q

traditional image of women

A

anorexic thin
cant do that to play sport
have to have energy

77
Q

why were women discouraged to play sports (body image)

A

because you get muscular and strong

78
Q

what is new unrealistic body image men now have to deal with

A

0% body fat and six pack

79
Q

what has occurrred now with this ideal body image for men

A
  • huge skyrocketing usage of steroids in high school boys
  • massive spike in eating disorders
80
Q

Quinn

A

canadian soccer player
nobody cares they dont identify as woman (born female)

81
Q

Lea Thomas

A

american swimmer
more controversial

82
Q

if women transition to man

A

to compete against men
nobody cares

83
Q

what is the question about trans athletes

A

isnt should they be allowed to compete
real debate is a trans born male and transitions to female and competing against females

84
Q

what is the balance between in the debate

A

balance between accomodation and question of fairness

85
Q

what is the answer to the debate

A

every different sport grappling with it in different way
no uniform answer

Kin 233 (10 decks)

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