Lecture 3 Flashcards
What was signed first in 1763
The treaty of Paris (1763)
What does treaty of Paris do
Formally gives all French land in Canada to British
- Quebec joins British empire
What does the treaty of Paris 1763 have effect on
French Canada and the sports they play
What was signed the same year (1763)
Royal proclamation
What does the royal proclamation attempt to do
Assimilate French Canada
What does Quebec joining British empire have effect on
On French Canada and the sports they play
Why did the British fail to assimilate French Canada
After they conquered French they had a pyrrhic victory, losing in victory
Why was it a pyrrhic victory
Beating french in 7 years war (led to treaty of Paris)
13 colonies of US were scared of french so before British could do whatever they wanted and not worry
No longer were afraid once french disappeared
Opened door for American revolution
Why were Americans afraid of French
How they fought
Indigenous fighting techniques
Who was more valuable to British at that time
Unites states
In conclusion why did the assimilation fail
Had to make Quebec act in 1774
What did Quebec act in 1774 do
Reversed all assimilation policies that were put in place and instead gives Quebec everything they had when they were French colony but still British colony
What has Quebec had from 1774 to today
- Special privileges in eyes of British and Canada
- distinct separate identity from rest of Canada including different sporting identity
What was the Quebec act for
Bribe so they dont fight with Americans in American revolution
British had fought French colonists for hundreds of years
What was different in sport for French after Quebec act
Things they value in sport
Heavy emphasis on endurance, strength sports, martial arts and other kinds of combat sports
Primarily lower class sports
What did the conquest in 1763 lead to for French
Emphasis on lower class sports in French Canadian culture
What happened after conquest
French middle class disappears
Without middle class what happens to sport in French Canada
Emphasis on lower class sports
- not a lot of equipment, space or rules
- athlete and their body
- combat sports
What treaty did American revolution lead to
Treaty of Paris 1783
How did creation of US impact Canadian sport
Arrival of loyalists
What were loyalists
1/3 Americans were neutral, 1/3 rose up against British and 1/3 fought with British (loyalists)
After US was created what happened to loyalists in US
- many did not want to live in place that was not British empire
- some forced to leave and some voluntarily did
How many loyalists left US
100,000 people
How many loyalists moved north
50,000
British offered them free land in British North America
What did loyalists do to Canada
Give very British character
What did loyalists do to Canada
Give very British character
What was Canada up until the 1960s
English Canada was very British
How do we play sports
Like British play sports
British cultural idea of how sport must be played
Ex) canadian and British soccer players dont dive when hit
What did British sport originate with
Aristocrats
Was a gentleman sport
What did the aristocrats believe about winning and losing
Did not play to win or lose, played for enjoyment
During the period of loyalists what happens with aboriginal people
Full colonization of indigenous begins
They are excluded from most of their traditional sports and activities
When loyalists come north what do they create
British colonies
What happened when British set up colonies
Set up microcosms of the metropole (a mini me of Great Britain)
What is the specific kind of colonization that occurred in Canada
Canada is both colony and colonizer simultaneously
They didn’t come and subjugate the indigenous population then rule over them like in other places
How did the British colonize the indigenous
Pushed them away and set up their own colonies with lower, middle and upper class British people
Pushed away from population centres and marginalized, sports were stopped
If indigenous wanted to participate in sports how could they
Had to participate in British sports
What was there a distinct separation of in British society
Public and private sphere
Home and public
Not supposed to know anything about anyone else’s life, not talk about home
What is the separation in society today
Blurred spheres
Private sphere is no longer private
What is the separation in society today
Blurred spheres
Private sphere is no longer private
what sphere was sports
Public
Women were not supposed to participate
What was private and public spheres for
Private- women (ran household)
Public- men (work)
Sports was exclusively male in British society
What was class hierarchy
No mobility between classes
If born rich, odds are died rich
What was class stratified society
Not money (does not make you aristocrat)
Class is etiquette, reinforced by elaborate rules of etiquette
How did aristocrats have class
Meal with many utensils
Inability to use right one shows not aristocrat
What did class stratification affect
Places became exclusive to one or the other
Where did sport and leisure occur
In public spaces but also tavern, garrison, and club
Tavern
Lower class bar
Did elites drink
We’re critical of lower class drinking establishments but did not practice what they preached
Had clubs
Beaver club
Prominent upper class establishment in Montreal
Tavern vs club
Anyone can go to tavern
Had to become member of club
How does stratification of society play out in sport
In terms of upper class, middle and lower class sports
In attitudes toward sport
What was typical of lower class sports
Brawling
What was a typical middle and upper class sport
Boxing
Properly box, rounds, referees, rules
What did upper class sports tend to have more of
Etiquette to separate from others
What was big in public and private sphere and got tied to sport
Alcohol
Why did upper class frown on lower class drinking
For the type of alcohol lower class drank
Why did the lower class frown on the upper class drinking
Strength of alcohol
What did upper class hunt for
Sport
Trophies, bragging rights
What did lower class hunt for
Food
What was prevalent in all class sports
Violence
Type of violence that matters
Violence for upper class
Dueling was primarily upper class
Duels follow rules and regulations, much more dangerous then lower class disputes
Lower class violence in sports
To solve problems use wrestle or brawl
In addition to class and gender what played role in sport
Nationalism
What does nationalism play role in
Kind of sports developed and within sports
Who developed curling and brought to Canada
Scots
How did nationalism play role within sports
Teams would divide along nationalist or cultural lines
Along with alcohol what was involved in sport early on
Gambling
Was gambling a British thing
No existed long before
What did sport in Canada develop alongside
Gambling and drinking
When was rise of middle class
1820s-30s
When loyalists made mini version of GB who was in charge
Upper class because upper class in charge in GB
What happens in GB and in English Canada with middle class
Increased agitation towards upper class power
Middle class want in
What do upper class do when middle class want it
Don’t want to share
Leads to frustration towards upper class who control government
Upper class in Quebec
Chateau clique
Upper class in Ontario
Family compact
What did anger at the control lead to
Rebellions of 1837 and 1838
Upper Canada
West=Ontario
Lower Canada
East=Quebec
What were rebellions in upper Canada about
Middle class
What were rebellions in lower Canada about
French vs. English
What is result of rebellions failing
Lead to rise of middle class dominance in Canada which will lead to rise of organized sport
What does British do after rebellions
Sent over lord Durham to figure out why rebellion started and what is going on
What does Durham propose
Durham report
Leads to responsible government in Canada
What does responsible government allow for
Allows middle class to take control
Starting in 1840s, government and Canadian society will largely controlled by middle class
What is professionalization of middle class
Changes from primarily merchants(business owners) to professionals (doctors, lawyers, teachers, dentists, engineers)
What was goal of professionalization
Raise profile of these professions
Control who gets in
All had own colleges
After getting degree what made occupation more prestigious
Organizations had to allow you to practice
Could exert control over membership
What did people in charge of degree do
Determined your education, created standard, controlled what was taught, everyone was trained the same
How did professionalization have impact on sport
Not labour positions, white collar
Created desire amongst professionals to engage in a sport to make up for fact not being physically active
Work less, more free time
Have money
Where did the middle class professionals develop sports
Middle class clubs
First organized sports started
Start to plan and organize them
Payed to be in club (exclusive)
Where did the middle class professionals develop sports
Middle class clubs
First organized sports started
Start to plan and organize them
Payed to be in club (exclusive)
