Lecture 9

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

Catabolic process to release energy stored in reduced carbon

Question 2

Carbon dioxide

Answer 2

Most oxidized (low energy) form of carbon

Question 3

Glycolysis

Answer 3

Breaking of sugar in cytoplasm, anaerobic, occurs in all 3 domains, ancient metabolic pathway

Question 4

Citric Acid cycle

Answer 4

Metabolism of sugars in mitochondrial matrix, complete oxidation of glucose

Question 5

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

Across mitochondrial inner membrane, energy for the proton gradient comes from redox

Question 6

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 6

Oxygen is toxic to organism

Question 7

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 7

Oxygen is not toxic but they do not use it

Question 8

Obligate aerobes

Answer 8

Require oxygen to live

Question 9

Facultative aerobes

Answer 9

Use oxygen when it is available, other pathways when it is not

Question 10

Kinase

Answer 10

Enzyme that adds a phosphate (phosphorylates)

Question 11

Energy investment phase

Answer 11

First 5 reactions of glycolysis, no oxidation occurs, glucose is split into two 3 carbon compounds

Question 12

Energy payoff phase

Answer 12

Second 5 reactions of glycolysis, begins the oxidation of glucose, G3P changes to pyruvate

Question 13

Pyruvate

Answer 13

Product of glycolysis, 3 carbon compound, not fully oxidized

Question 14

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 14

Energy for ATP synthesis comes from the dephosphorylation of a substrate

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Site of cellular respiration, arose from endosymbiotic hypothesis

Question 16

Transition reaction

Answer 16

Oxidation of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA when pyruvate enters the mitochondria, occurs across MIM and MOM into matrix

Question 17

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 17

Catalyses transition reaction

Question 18

Coenzyme A

Answer 18

Facilitates entrance into citric acid cycle

Question 19

Oxaloacetate

Answer 19

4 carbon molecule that binds to acetyl CoA

Question 20

GTP

Answer 20

Direct product of Citric acid cycle, immediately converted into ATP

Question 21

Citrate

Answer 21

6 carbon intermediate in citric acid cycle, inhibits PFK to coordinate the rate of glycolysis with the citric acid cycle

Question 22

Electron transport chain

Answer 22

Set of increasing strength electron acceptors

Question 23

Chemiosmosis

Answer 23

Synthesis of ATP using a proton gradient

Question 24

Fermentation

Answer 24

Recycle NAD+ for continued glycolysis in the absence of oxygen

Question 25

Acetaldehyde

Answer 25

Metabolite of pyruvate the acts as an electron acceptor

Question 26

Negative feedback

Answer 26

When the product of a reaction inhibits its own production

Question 27

Phosphofructokinase

Answer 27

Primary regulator for cellular respiration, catalyzes fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, ATP inhibits PFK, AMP activates PFK