Lecture 10

Question 1

Binary Fission

Answer 1

Simpler than mitosis due to lack of membrane bound organelles and only 1 chromosome, prokaryote only

Question 2

Lag Phase

Answer 2

Cells are growing but not dividing, replication and metabolism

Question 3

Log Phase

Answer 3

Cells are dividing

Question 4

Stationary Phase

Answer 4

Max population, cell division equals cell death, nutrients and space are limiting

Question 5

Death Phase

Answer 5

Cells die due to an accumulation of waste and lack of ressources

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

Molecule of genetic information

Question 7

Chromatid

Answer 7

Product of DNA replication

Question 8

Centromere

Answer 8

Site of attachment for sister chromatids, site of kinetochore assembly

Question 9

Kinetochore

Answer 9

Protein complex at centromere

Question 10

G1 Phase

Answer 10

Gap 1 phase, normal cell activities, cell is dividing to decide (whether conditions can support 2 daughter cells)

Question 11

S Phase

Answer 11

Synthesis phase, DNA replicates

Question 12

G2 Phase

Answer 12

Gap 2 phase, normal cell activities with twice the amount of DNA

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

Separation of sister chromatids

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

All phases where cell is not actively dividing (G1, S and G2)

Question 15

Prophase

Answer 15

Packaging of chromosomes into mitotic chromosomes , (condensation of chromosomes)

Question 16

Prometaphase

Answer 16

Nuclear envelope break down, microtubules invade nuclear area and attach to kinetochores

Question 17

Metaphase

Answer 17

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

Question 18

Anaphase

Answer 18

Separation of chromatids (chromatids become chromosomes)

Question 19

Polar microtubules

Answer 19

Microtubules bound to other microtubules, use kinesin to elongate cell

Question 20

Astral microtubules

Answer 20

Microtubules bound to plasma membrane, prevent MTOC from moving to centre of cell

Question 21

Kinetochore microtubules

Answer 21

Pull chromosomes to poles via depolymerization & dynein

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope reforms, start of cytokinetic furrow

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

Separation of cytoplasm

Question 24

Contractile Ring

Answer 24

Cytokinetic furrow, formed by microfilaments and contracted by myosin

Question 25

Cancer

Answer 25

Uncontrolled cell division due to accumulation of mutations

Question 26

Tumour Suppressor Genes

Answer 26

Proteins that prevent passage through cell cycle

Question 27

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 27

Promote passage through cell cycle