Lecture 4 Flashcards
Compartmentalization
Organization of organelles within eukaryotic cells into separate regions in order to perform tasks more efficiently
Basal Apparatus
Set of trans membrane proteins that anchor the filament into the cell, contains a gear system to allow rotation
Bacterial Flagellum
Allows bacterial swimming (movement), composed of a filament, hook, and basal apparatus
Filament
Composed of flagellin
Hook
Flagellum moves by spinning around hook
Gram Positive Cell
Thick layer of peptidoglycan, no outer membrane, appears purple
Gram Negative Cell
Thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane
Peptidoglycan
Structural polysaccharide, polymer of NAG and NAM sugars
Teichoic Acid
Links layers of peptidoglycan in gram positive cells
Cross-linking Peptides
Holds peptidoglycan together, 8 to 13 amino acids long in gram positive cells, 9 amino acids long in gram negative cells
Lipoteichoic Acid
Attaches peptidoglycan to cytoplasmic membrane in gram positive cells
Lipopolysaccharides
Negatively charged component of the outer membrane in gram negative cells, composed of a sugar and fats, repulsion is prevented by divalent cations
Outer Membrane
Outer membrane in a gram negative cell, not a permeability barrier, composed of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides
Antibiotics
Kill bacterial pathogens by targeting specific bacterial structures
Penicillin
Naturally occurring antibiotic, disrupts transpeptidation temp of peptidoglycan synthesis, works best on gram positive cells
