Lecture 11

Question 1

Hereditary Material

Answer 1

Carries information to next generation, replicates faithfully, has a possibility for variation.

Question 2

Transforming Principle

Answer 2

Abiotic factor the carries hereditary information

Question 3

Virulent

Answer 3

Disease causing

Question 4

Bacteriophage

Answer 4

Virus that infects bacteria, composed of protein and carries a DNA genome

Question 5

Antiparallel

Answer 5

One strand of DNA runs 3’ to 5’ while the other runs 5’ to 3’

Question 6

Complementary

Answer 6

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine

Question 7

Parent Strand

Answer 7

Acts as a template for DNA replication

Question 8

Daughter Strands

Answer 8

Complementary and antiparallel to parent strand, but both DNA molecules are identical

Question 9

Conservative Replication

Answer 9

Parent strand and daughter strand are separate, was thought to be most logical replication model.

Question 10

Semi-conservative Replication

Answer 10

Parent strand acts as a template for daughter strand

Question 11

Dispersive Replication

Answer 11

Random combinations of parent and daughter strands

Question 12

Bidirectional

Answer 12

DNA replication in E. Coli circular chromosome, DNA replicates simultaneously in both directions away from the origin

Question 13

Origin

Answer 13

Sequence of DNA where replication begins, usually A and T rich as their base pairing is less hydrophobic and thus weaker.

Question 14

Leading Strand

Answer 14

Synthesized in the same direction as fork opening

Question 15

Lagging Strand

Answer 15

Synthesized in opposite directing as fork opening

Question 16

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 16

Fragments of DNA on lagging strand

Question 17

Exonuclease Ability

Answer 17

The ability to remove nucleotides one at a time from the end of a chain

Question 18

Helicase

Answer 18

Unwinds parental double helix at the replication fork

Question 19

SSBs

Answer 19

Single stranded binding proteins, binds and stabilizes single strands of DNA

Question 20

Primase

Answer 20

Synthesizes an RNA primer at 5’ end of leading strand and of each Okazaki fragment of lagging strand

Question 21

DNA Polymerase III

Answer 21

Using parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA strand by covalently adding nucleotides to the 3’ end (OH) of a preexisting DNA strand or RNA primer

Question 22

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 22

Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides, has exonuclease ability

Question 23

Ligase

Answer 23

Joins 3’ end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading and joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand