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253 - anatomy > lecture 9/10: nervous system > Flashcards

lecture 9/10: nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous and where does it conduct impulsesse

A

The NEURON = Nerve cell
• Basic structural and functional component of the nervous
system
• Conducts impulses to and from the two main nervous
systems…
Ø Central Nervous System (CNS)
Ø Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of a neruon

A

dendrites
soma
axon

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3
Q

what is the dendreite purpose

A

• Reception of stimulus
• Impulses to cell body
Cytoplasmic processes

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4
Q

be able to reconize mutipleolar, bipolar, unipolar an dpseudounipolar

A

.

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5
Q

true or false: tehre is only 1 axon per neuron

A

true

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6
Q

where do the axons conduct the impulse

A

• Conducts impulses
away from the cell
body

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7
Q

axons have BLANK bracnhes

A

collateral branches

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8
Q

what are the 4 nerve structures (coverings)

A

Epineurium: Around the whole nerve
• Perineurium: Around the fascicles
• Endoneurium: Around the nerve fibers (Axons)
• Axon: Myelinated vs Unmyelinated

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9
Q

where does epinerium surrond

A

Epineurium: Around the whole nerve

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10
Q

where does perineurium surround

A

• Perineurium: Around the fascicles

•

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11
Q

where does Endoneurium surround

A

Endoneurium: Around the nerve fibers (Axons)

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12
Q

be able to lcate epineurium , endoneuriem, perineurion,

A
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13
Q

what is the difference between myelinated vs unmyelnated

A

axon sheath

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14
Q

be able to reconize myelinated vs unmyelinate

A
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15
Q

.what are the 2 qualities of a nerve and be able to explai n them

A

• EXCITABILITY: The ability of neurons to respond to
stimuli and generate nerve impulses

• CONDUCTIVITY: The ability to transmit a state of
excitation

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16
Q

what is grey mater

A

“H”

formation (nuclei) and unmyeliated

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17
Q

be able to locate grey ocmmisure and its fucntion

A

grey lines near center canel

able to decusate

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18
Q

does sensory info insert posteriorally or anteriorly

A

posterior

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19
Q

what is the nucleli of the spinal cord

A 
• Nuclei = mass of
nerve cell bodies and
dendrites inside the
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
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20
Q

be able to label a spianl cord diagram

A

fs

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21
Q

what is i nthe white matter of the spinal crod

A

White matter = nerve
fibers with Myelin
Sheath coverings

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22
Q

what is each white nerve bundle called

A

tract

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23
Q

what kind of signals do assending tracts have

A

sensory or afferent

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24
Q

what kind of signals do descing tracts have

A

motor or efferent

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25
Q

the Groups of nerve fibers entering dorsal horn are called what and what do they contrain

A

DORSAL
ROOTS

Contain SENSORY neurons

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26
Q

the Groups of nerve fibers leaving ventral horns

are called what and what do they contrain

A

VENTRAL
ROOTS

Contain MOTOR neurons

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27
Q

when a dorsal root and ventral root combine what does it nake

A

spinal nerve

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28
Q

why are spinal nerves considred mixed nerves

A

they contrain both sensroy and motor nerve

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29
Q

how many paris of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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30
Q

after spinal cord leaves intervertebral foramen, what happens

A

it divides

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31
Q

what are the 2 rami and what do they innervate

A

DORSAL RAMI: innervate skin of back, paravertebral
muscles
• VENTRAL RAMI: innervate all extremity muscles,
lateral and ventral trunk

32
Q

bee able to locate the dorsal and ventral rami

A

.

33
Q

what are the vertabraes and their numbers

A 
Cervical – 7
• Thoracic – 12
• Lumbar – 5
• Sacral (Sacrum) - 5*
• Coccygeal (Coccyx) – 4*
• TOTAL - 33
34
Q

what are the spinal nerves and their numbers

A 
Cervical – 8
• Thoracic – 12
• Lumbar – 5
• Sacral – 5
• Coccygeal – 1
• TOTAL - 31
35
Q

be able to locate the bracchial plexus

A
36
Q

where is the dorsal plexus

A

from C5-T1

37
Q

where is the only vertrabra without plexis

A

Except T2-T12 and S5-Co1

38
Q

what are the 5 plexesus and their locations

A 
Cervical : C1 - C4
• BRACHIAL : C5 - T1
• LUMBAR: L1 - L4
• SACRAL: L4/L5 – S4
• Lumbar + Sacral = Lumbosacral
39
Q

brchail plexus is divided into 5 things

A 
R: RAMI
T: TRUNKS
D: DIVISIONS
C: CORDS
B: BRANCHES
40
Q

be able to label the bracchial plexus

A

.

41
Q

what are the cords name daccording to

A

to their relation with the axillary artiery

42
Q

what are the 5 branches of the bracchial plexus

A 
musculocutaneous
axillary 
median
radial
ulnar
43
Q

what are the 5 rami

A

C5 C6 C7 C8 T1

44
Q

what are the 3 trunks

A

superior middle inferior

45
Q

what are your 3 divisions

A

anterior/posterior

46
Q

what are your 3 cords

A

lateral
posterior cord
medial

47
Q

where is the rbachial plexus

A

Descends and passes over first rib, behind the clavicle

into the Axilla (Armpit)

48
Q

what atery/vein accompanies the brachial plexus

A

axillary

49
Q

what holds the brachial plexus together

A

the conenctive tissue covering: axillary sheath

50
Q

is the brachial plexus posterior or anterior to pec major

A

posterior

51
Q

which rami make up the superior trunk

A

C5 C6

52
Q

which rami make up the middle trunk

A

C7

53
Q

which rami make up the inferior trunk

A

C8 T1

54
Q

what does the posterior cord form from

A

Three posterior divisions join to form the

55
Q

what does the lateral cord form from

A

forms from the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

56
Q

what does the medial cord form from

A

forms from
anterior division of the
lower trunk

57
Q

the posterior cord becomes which nervre

A

radial

58
Q

what is the major branch from the radial nerve

A

axillary nerve

59
Q

which is the largest branch of the brachial plex

A

radial nerve

60
Q

the radial nerve lies in front of and in back of hat

A

in back of axilalry artery

in front of subscap

61
Q

what does the radial nerve innrevate

A

whole posterior upper extremity

62
Q

true or false: the radial nerve nerves goes psoteriorly

A

false: it winds to the back by the radial groove

63
Q

where does the raidal nerve end

A

Ends in lateroposterior forearm in several branches

64
Q

where can you find deep radial nerve

A

Deep into Antecubital Fossa behind brachialis and

brachioradialis

65
Q

what reflexes is the radial nerve responsible for

A

Reflexes: Brachioradialis (C6), Triceps (C7)

66
Q

true or false: the axillary nerve is a branch of the medial cord?

A

FALSE”: Branch of the Posterior Cord

67
Q

DOES THE AXILLARY nerve run lateral or medial to radial enrve

A

Runs lateral to the Radial Nerve

68
Q

where does the axillary nerve go and what does it supply

A
  • Medial to surgical neck of the humerus

* Into the Deltoid and Teres Minor muscles1

69
Q

where is the muscultaenous nerve, what does it supply and what reflex is it responsible for

A

Pierces the Coracobrachialis muscle
• Supplies anterior arm muscles
• Reflex : Biceps (C5)

70
Q

what does the median nerve innervate and where can you find it

A

Innervates most of the forearm flexor muscles
• Thumb side of hand and wrist
• Superficial at anterior wrist

71
Q

where do you find ulnar nerve and what does it innrevate

A

Passes behind medial epicondyle
Runs down medial forearm

• Innervates some flexor muscles and many intrinsic
muscles of the hand

72
Q

what is a dermatone

A

“The area of skin providing sensory input to

the posterior roots of one spinal segment

73
Q

are dermatones supplied by afferent or efferent sugnals

A

sensory,,, afferent

74
Q

true or false: dermatones have no overlap and very distinc boundaries

A

false
no exact boudaries
considreable overlap

75
Q

how do lesions affect dermatones

A

Lesion to one spinal nerve may be little or no loss of
sensation
• Usually 3 adjacent lesions for there to be complete
anesthesia to a dermatome

76
Q

what rami is ulnar nerves assocaited to

A

(c7)

C8-T1

253 - anatomy (14 decks)

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