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253 - anatomy > lecture 9/10: nervous system > Flashcards

lecture 9/10: nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous and where does it conduct impulsesse

A

The NEURON = Nerve cell
• Basic structural and functional component of the nervous
system
• Conducts impulses to and from the two main nervous
systems…
Ø Central Nervous System (CNS)
Ø Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of a neruon

A

dendrites
soma
axon

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3
Q

what is the dendreite purpose

A

• Reception of stimulus
• Impulses to cell body
Cytoplasmic processes

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4
Q

be able to reconize mutipleolar, bipolar, unipolar an dpseudounipolar

A

.

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5
Q

true or false: tehre is only 1 axon per neuron

A

true

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6
Q

where do the axons conduct the impulse

A

• Conducts impulses
away from the cell
body

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7
Q

axons have BLANK bracnhes

A

collateral branches

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8
Q

what are the 4 nerve structures (coverings)

A

Epineurium: Around the whole nerve
• Perineurium: Around the fascicles
• Endoneurium: Around the nerve fibers (Axons)
• Axon: Myelinated vs Unmyelinated

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9
Q

where does epinerium surrond

A

Epineurium: Around the whole nerve

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10
Q

where does perineurium surround

A

• Perineurium: Around the fascicles

•

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11
Q

where does Endoneurium surround

A

Endoneurium: Around the nerve fibers (Axons)

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12
Q

be able to lcate epineurium , endoneuriem, perineurion,

A
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13
Q

what is the difference between myelinated vs unmyelnated

A

axon sheath

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14
Q

be able to reconize myelinated vs unmyelinate

A
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15
Q

.what are the 2 qualities of a nerve and be able to explai n them

A

• EXCITABILITY: The ability of neurons to respond to
stimuli and generate nerve impulses

• CONDUCTIVITY: The ability to transmit a state of
excitation

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16
Q

what is grey mater

A

“H”

formation (nuclei) and unmyeliated

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17
Q

be able to locate grey ocmmisure and its fucntion

A

grey lines near center canel

able to decusate

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18
Q

does sensory info insert posteriorally or anteriorly

A

posterior

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19
Q

what is the nucleli of the spinal cord

A 
• Nuclei = mass of
nerve cell bodies and
dendrites inside the
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
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20
Q

be able to label a spianl cord diagram

A

fs

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21
Q

what is i nthe white matter of the spinal crod

A

White matter = nerve
fibers with Myelin
Sheath coverings

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22
Q

what is each white nerve bundle called

A

tract

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23
Q

what kind of signals do assending tracts have

A

sensory or afferent

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24
Q

what kind of signals do descing tracts have

A

motor or efferent

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25
the Groups of nerve fibers entering dorsal horn are called what and what do they contrain
DORSAL ROOTS Contain SENSORY neurons
26
the Groups of nerve fibers leaving ventral horns | are called what and what do they contrain
VENTRAL ROOTS Contain MOTOR neurons
27
when a dorsal root and ventral root combine what does it nake
spinal nerve
28
why are spinal nerves considred mixed nerves
they contrain both sensroy and motor nerve
29
how many paris of spinal nerves are there
31
30
after spinal cord leaves intervertebral foramen, what happens
it divides
31
what are the 2 rami and what do they innervate
DORSAL RAMI: innervate skin of back, paravertebral muscles • VENTRAL RAMI: innervate all extremity muscles, lateral and ventral trunk
32
bee able to locate the dorsal and ventral rami
.
33
what are the vertabraes and their numbers
``` Cervical – 7 • Thoracic – 12 • Lumbar – 5 • Sacral (Sacrum) - 5* • Coccygeal (Coccyx) – 4* • TOTAL - 33 ```
34
what are the spinal nerves and their numbers
``` Cervical – 8 • Thoracic – 12 • Lumbar – 5 • Sacral – 5 • Coccygeal – 1 • TOTAL - 31 ```
35
be able to locate the bracchial plexus
36
where is the dorsal plexus
from C5-T1
37
where is the only vertrabra without plexis
Except T2-T12 and S5-Co1
38
what are the 5 plexesus and their locations
``` Cervical : C1 - C4 • BRACHIAL : C5 - T1 • LUMBAR: L1 - L4 • SACRAL: L4/L5 – S4 • Lumbar + Sacral = Lumbosacral ```
39
brchail plexus is divided into 5 things
``` R: RAMI T: TRUNKS D: DIVISIONS C: CORDS B: BRANCHES ```
40
be able to label the bracchial plexus
.
41
what are the cords name daccording to
to their relation with the axillary artiery
42
what are the 5 branches of the bracchial plexus
``` musculocutaneous axillary median radial ulnar ```
43
what are the 5 rami
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
44
what are the 3 trunks
superior middle inferior
45
what are your 3 divisions
anterior/posterior
46
what are your 3 cords
lateral posterior cord medial
47
where is the rbachial plexus
Descends and passes over first rib, behind the clavicle | into the Axilla (Armpit)
48
what atery/vein accompanies the brachial plexus
axillary
49
what holds the brachial plexus together
the conenctive tissue covering: axillary sheath
50
is the brachial plexus posterior or anterior to pec major
posterior
51
which rami make up the superior trunk
C5 C6
52
which rami make up the middle trunk
C7
53
which rami make up the inferior trunk
C8 T1
54
what does the posterior cord form from
Three posterior divisions join to form the
55
what does the lateral cord form from
forms from the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
56
what does the medial cord form from
forms from anterior division of the lower trunk
57
the posterior cord becomes which nervre
radial
58
what is the major branch from the radial nerve
axillary nerve
59
which is the largest branch of the brachial plex
radial nerve
60
the radial nerve lies in front of and in back of hat
in back of axilalry artery | in front of subscap
61
what does the radial nerve innrevate
whole posterior upper extremity
62
true or false: the radial nerve nerves goes psoteriorly
false: it winds to the back by the radial groove
63
where does the raidal nerve end
Ends in lateroposterior forearm in several branches
64
where can you find deep radial nerve
Deep into Antecubital Fossa behind brachialis and | brachioradialis
65
what reflexes is the radial nerve responsible for
Reflexes: Brachioradialis (C6), Triceps (C7)
66
true or false: the axillary nerve is a branch of the medial cord?
FALSE": Branch of the Posterior Cord
67
DOES THE AXILLARY nerve run lateral or medial to radial enrve
Runs lateral to the Radial Nerve
68
where does the axillary nerve go and what does it supply
* Medial to surgical neck of the humerus | * Into the Deltoid and Teres Minor muscles1
69
where is the muscultaenous nerve, what does it supply and what reflex is it responsible for
Pierces the Coracobrachialis muscle • Supplies anterior arm muscles • Reflex : Biceps (C5)
70
what does the median nerve innervate and where can you find it
Innervates most of the forearm flexor muscles • Thumb side of hand and wrist • Superficial at anterior wrist
71
where do you find ulnar nerve and what does it innrevate
Passes behind medial epicondyle Runs down medial forearm • Innervates some flexor muscles and many intrinsic muscles of the hand
72
what is a dermatone
“The area of skin providing sensory input to | the posterior roots of one spinal segment
73
are dermatones supplied by afferent or efferent sugnals
sensory,,, afferent
74
true or false: dermatones have no overlap and very distinc boundaries
false no exact boudaries considreable overlap
75
how do lesions affect dermatones
Lesion to one spinal nerve may be little or no loss of sensation • Usually 3 adjacent lesions for there to be complete anesthesia to a dermatome
76
what rami is ulnar nerves assocaited to
(c7) | C8-T1

253 - anatomy (14 decks)

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