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253 - anatomy > lecture 14: bones and joints of LE > Flashcards

lecture 14: bones and joints of LE Flashcards

1
Q

be able to lable the bones of the lower extremeite

A

..

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2
Q

What makes up the innominate bone

A

illium, ishium and pubis

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3
Q

be able to distingush the illium, ishium and pubis

A

.

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4
Q

Where are the bodies of the illium, ischium and pubis all found

A

in the acetabulum

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5
Q

be abke to locate the acetabulum, the acetabular fossa and the acetabular notch

A

.

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6
Q

what are the landmarks of the illium and be able to locate them

A 
illiaac crest
illiac fossa
gluteal lines (post, ant, and inf)
anterior superior illac spine (ASIS)
anterior inferior illiac spine (AIIS)
Posterior superiod illiac spine (PSIS)
posterior inferior illiac spine (PIIS)
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7
Q

what are the landmarks of the ishium

A

isihal tuberocity
ramus
ishial spine
greater and lesser sciatic notch

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8
Q

What ish the proprer name for the sit bone

A

ishial tuberosity

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9
Q

be able to lcoate all the landmarks of the ihisum

A

.

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10
Q

what passes through the greater sciatic notch

A 
Piriformis
• Superior/Inferior gluteal
vessels and nerve
• Sciatic n.
• Posterior femoral
cutaneous n.
• Pudendal n.
• Nerve to obturator internus
• Nerve to quadratus femoris
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11
Q

what passess through the lesser sciatic notch

A

Obturator internus
• Internal pudendal vessels
• Pudendal n.
• Nerve to obturator internus

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12
Q

what are the landmarks of the pubis

A 
symphysis pubis
obtuerator foramen
pubic tubercle
pubic crest
ramus (sup and inf)
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13
Q

be able to locate the pubis and th elandmarks

A

.

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14
Q

what is the obturator forament and what is it covered by

A

big hole covered by obturator membrane

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15
Q

where is the pubic tubercle

A

big bump next to the symphysis pubis (superior)

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16
Q

what does the pubic crest link

A

links the pubic tubercle to the symphysis pubis

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17
Q

be able to locate the landmarks on the femur .

A

.

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18
Q

is the linea aspera on the femur posterior or anterior

A

posterior

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19
Q

is the intertrochantic crest anterior or posterior

A

posterior

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20
Q

is the intertrocanteric line posterior or anterior

A

anterior

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21
Q

put these lines in order from medial to lateral

A

spiral line, pectinal line, gluteal tuberocity

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22
Q

is the adductor tubercle of the femur found on top of the medial or lateral epiconfdly

A

medial

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23
Q

which is the wider epicondyle.condyl of the fmur

A

medial

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24
Q

is the popliteal surface aanterior or posterior

A

posterior

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25
Q

is the patellar surface anterior or posterior

A

anterior

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26
Q

is the intercondylar fossa anterior or posterior

A

psoterior

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27
Q

be able to name the landmarks of the patella

A

.

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28
Q

which facet will always fall on the table

A

lateral

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29
Q

does the apex of the patella point up or down

A

down

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30
Q

is the tibia the medial or lateral bone

A

medial

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31
Q

be able to label the tiba and the landmarks

A
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32
Q

ias the soleal line posterior or anterior

A

posterior

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33
Q

is the fibular notch proximal or distal

A

distal

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34
Q

is the fibular facet proximal or fistal

A

proximal

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35
Q

is the tibial tuberocity anterior or posterior

A

anterior

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36
Q

be able to label the landmarks of the fibula

A

./

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37
Q

is the fibula lateral or medial

A

lateral

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38
Q

is the tibial facet proximal or distal

A

proximal

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39
Q

is the talar facet proximal or fistal

A

distal

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40
Q

true or false: the anterior border goes down into the lateral malleolus

A

true

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41
Q

which is more medial, the anterior or interosses border

A

interosseous

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42
Q

true or false: the fibula is a weight bearing bone

A

false, mostly there for muscle attaachemnts

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43
Q

true or falseL: the taalus is the heel bone

A

false the calcaneous is the heel bone

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44
Q

be able to locate the landmarks of the tarsal

A

.

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45
Q

which is more lateral, the cuboid bone or the navicular

A

cuboid

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46
Q

WHich is more superior: the caalcaneus or the talus

A

the tlaus

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47
Q

true or false: the 1st cuniform is the most medial

A

true

48
Q

be able to locate and identiy the metatarsal and phalanges

A

.

49
Q

is the head of the metatarsal proximal or distal

A

distal

50
Q

what is another name for the 1st metatasal

A

hallux

51
Q

how many phalanges (toes) do we have

A

14

52
Q

what components make up the hip joint

A 
acetabulum
acetablular labrum (notch) 
joint capsule
fovea
intertrocanteric line
ligamentum teres
53
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

diarthrosis synovil ball and socket

54
Q

what is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

prevents bone on bone rubbing (protection)

55
Q

what is the purpose of the fovea

A

it holds of the ligament of the head of the fumer to attcah the femur to the acetabulr fossa

56
Q

what is the purpose of the transverse ligament of the acetablum?

A

closes the acetabular notch

57
Q

what are the important ligaments of the hip joint

A

the pubofemoral and the illiofemoral, ishiofemoral

58
Q

be able to locate the ligaments of the hip joint

A

/

59
Q

true or false: the 2 anterior ligaments of the ishiofemoral and the pubofemoral

A

false, ishiofemoral is posterior

60
Q

what does coxa valga cause

A

knee vara

61
Q

what does coxa vara cause

A

knee valga

62
Q

what are the 2 conditions if you have an abnormal angle of inclination

A

coxa valga

coxa vara

63
Q

explain coxa vara

A

Line through fovea and interscretion with line of the shaft of the humerus
If that angle is decreased (less than 120), femur will shift inward and cause a knee valga (knee goes in to compensate)
causes knock knees

64
Q

what is a normal angle of inclination

A

120-135 degrees

65
Q

true or false: vara means decreased angle/caving in

A

true

66
Q

explain coxa valga

A

if angle is increased, femur will move outward
causing knee vara
bowlegged

67
Q

explain the 2 cases of femoral anterversion

A

looking from a superior view, the angle through the hum and down the femur

1) if this angle is small, shaft has a medial roation causing toes to move inward (HED OF THE FEMUR STILL CENTRALZIEDO
2) if the angle is small AND THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR IS SITTING ANTERIORLY , toes will appear straight howver there will be uneven wear of the labrum

68
Q

explain 2 cases of femoral retroversion

A

looking at angle superiorly

1) Angle is too big, shaft will have a lateral rotation causing toes to toe out
BUT HEAD IS STILL CENTRALIZED IN FOSSA

2) angle is still big but the HEAD IS POSISTIONED POSTERIORLY, no toe out will occur but there will be a posterior wear of the labrium

69
Q

what are the extra capsular ligamets of the knee

A

medial collateral ligament
lateral collacteral ligament
oblique popliteal
patellar ligament

70
Q

explain the medial collateral ligament of the knee and what muscles is it helped by for stability of the knee

A

long flat ligament
attacahed to medial miniscus

helped by sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosis

71
Q

what is another name for medial collateral ligament

A

tibial collateral ligament

72
Q

explain the lateral collateral ligament and whaat does it stabilize the knee with

A

round and short
bursa between it adn the popliteus

stabilizes with

  • tendon of biceps femoris
  • tendon of popliteus
  • iliotibial tract
73
Q

what is another name for the lateralc collateral ligmanet

A

fibular collateral ligament

74
Q

be able to indentiy the extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

/

75
Q

is above the patella considered tendon or ligament

A

tendon

76
Q

is below the patella considered tendon or ligament

A

both

77
Q

what are the intracapsular ligaments

A

anterior cruciate ligament

posterior cruciate ligament

78
Q

where is the location of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

goes posteriorly/superiorly to

lateral femoral condyle

79
Q

what is the fucntion of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents internal tibial rotation and anterior glide of tibia on
femur
• Limits hyperextension of knee

80
Q

what is the location of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

proceeds anteriorly/superiorly to

medial femoral condyle

81
Q

what is the fucntion of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents excessive tibial rotation and posterior glide of the
tibia
• Very important when walking down stairs or on steep incline!!

82
Q

what is another name for menisci

A

semilunar cartilages

83
Q

the menisci are made of BLANK cartilage

A

fibrocartilage (avascular)

84
Q

what are the horns of the menisci attaached to

A

attached to intercondyclar eminence

85
Q

what is the shape of the medial meniscus

A

c shaped

86
Q

what is the shape of the lateral meniscus

A

round

87
Q

what are the 3 functions of the meniscu

A

deepen condylar surfaces
cushions, shock absorption
faciliate lubrication

88
Q

what is the knee joint capsule strengthened by?

A

oblique politeal
arcurate popliteal
medial/lateral patellar retinaculum

89
Q

what are the 3 knee burdae and where are they located

A

prepatella (under skin, before patella)
suprapatella *deep tio lig
infrapatellar (deep to lig)

90
Q

what are the 2 ankle joints

A

talocrucal

subtalar

91
Q

what type of joint is the talocrural joint

A

HINGE

92
Q

what bones are involved with the talocrural joint

A

tibia,talus and fibula

93
Q

what motion can the talocrural joint do and the angles

A

Dorsi (20°) / Plantarflexion
(50°)
• Abduction 16°

94
Q

what type of joint is the subtalar joint

A

gliding

95
Q

what bones are invovled in the subtalar joint

A

calcaneus and talus

96
Q

what motion can the subtalar joint do

A

inversion and eversion

97
Q

what are the ankle joint angles of prination and supination

A

Supination: 45 to 60°
Pronation: 15 to 30°

98
Q

what are trhe lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

Calcaneofibular
antterior talofibular
posterior talofibular

99
Q

what are the medial/deltoid ligaments

A

antrior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular

100
Q

what are the 2 TRANSVERSE (MID)TARSAL JOINTS

A

• CALCANEOCUBOID
JOINT
• TALONAVICULAR
JOINT

101
Q

what type of joints are the TRANSVERSE (MID)TARSAL JOINTS

A

gliding

102
Q

what are the 3 arches

A

Medial Longitudinal arch
• Lateral Longitudinal arch
• Transverse arch

  • Plantar Fascia
  • Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring lig.)
103
Q

what compoents make up the medial longitudinal arch

A

CALC AND TALUS THEN THROUGHT NAVICULAR AND 3 CINUFORMS AND METATSSLS

104
Q

what compoents make up the lateral longitudinal arch

A

JUST THE CALC, THE CUBOID AND LAST 2 METATARSAL 4 AND 5

105
Q

what components make up the tranverse arch

A

ACROSS CUBOID AND 3 CUNIFORMS

106
Q

what does the lesser true pelvis hold

A

holds true pelvic organs (ovearies, uterus, rep system )

107
Q

explain • Upper pelvic aperture

pelvic inlet

A 
• On plane of the
terminal lines
• Arcuate lines
• Pectineal lines
• From sacral
promontory
• To symphysis pubis
108
Q

explain the Lower pelvic aperture
(pelvic outlet)
•

A 
Diamond shaped
• From arcuate pubic
ligament
• To tip of coccyx
posteriorly
• Lateral bound by
ischial tuberosities
109
Q

explain GREATER “FALSE” PELVIS

A
  • Above pelvis aperture
  • To iliac crests
  • Lower abdominal viscera
110
Q

what are the contents of the lesser true pelvis

A

LESSER “TRUE” PELVIS
• Contents of the pelvis : Most pelvic organs
• Rectum, urinary bladder, female reproductive organs (vagina, cervix of
the uterus), male prostate gland

111
Q

be able to locate false and true pelvises

A

/

112
Q

who has a greater angle of pelvis arch, males or females

A

females

113
Q

what are the 2 types of pubic arches

A

greater and lesser than 90 degrees

114
Q

what is the reason women’s pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees

A

female: sacrum and coxyx are more vertical

115
Q

what is the reason men are less than 90 degrees pubic arch angle

A

male: sacrum and coxyy is inclined inwards

253 - anatomy (14 decks)

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