lecture 14: bones and joints of LE Flashcards
1
Q
be able to lable the bones of the lower extremeite
A
..
2
Q
What makes up the innominate bone
A
illium, ishium and pubis
3
Q
be able to distingush the illium, ishium and pubis
A
.
4
Q
Where are the bodies of the illium, ischium and pubis all found
A
in the acetabulum
5
Q
be abke to locate the acetabulum, the acetabular fossa and the acetabular notch
A
.
6
Q
what are the landmarks of the illium and be able to locate them
A
illiaac crest illiac fossa gluteal lines (post, ant, and inf) anterior superior illac spine (ASIS) anterior inferior illiac spine (AIIS) Posterior superiod illiac spine (PSIS) posterior inferior illiac spine (PIIS)
7
Q
what are the landmarks of the ishium
A
isihal tuberocity
ramus
ishial spine
greater and lesser sciatic notch
8
Q
What ish the proprer name for the sit bone
A
ishial tuberosity
9
Q
be able to lcoate all the landmarks of the ihisum
A
.
10
Q
what passes through the greater sciatic notch
A
Piriformis • Superior/Inferior gluteal vessels and nerve • Sciatic n. • Posterior femoral cutaneous n. • Pudendal n. • Nerve to obturator internus • Nerve to quadratus femoris
11
Q
what passess through the lesser sciatic notch
A
Obturator internus
• Internal pudendal vessels
• Pudendal n.
• Nerve to obturator internus
12
Q
what are the landmarks of the pubis
A
symphysis pubis obtuerator foramen pubic tubercle pubic crest ramus (sup and inf)
13
Q
be able to locate the pubis and th elandmarks
A
.
14
Q
what is the obturator forament and what is it covered by
A
big hole covered by obturator membrane
15
Q
where is the pubic tubercle
A
big bump next to the symphysis pubis (superior)
16
Q
what does the pubic crest link
A
links the pubic tubercle to the symphysis pubis
17
Q
be able to locate the landmarks on the femur .
A
.
18
Q
is the linea aspera on the femur posterior or anterior
A
posterior
19
Q
is the intertrochantic crest anterior or posterior
A
posterior
20
Q
is the intertrocanteric line posterior or anterior
A
anterior
21
Q
put these lines in order from medial to lateral
A
spiral line, pectinal line, gluteal tuberocity
22
Q
is the adductor tubercle of the femur found on top of the medial or lateral epiconfdly
A
medial
23
Q
which is the wider epicondyle.condyl of the fmur
A
medial
24
Q
is the popliteal surface aanterior or posterior
A
posterior
25
is the patellar surface anterior or posterior
anterior
26
is the intercondylar fossa anterior or posterior
psoterior
27
be able to name the landmarks of the patella
.
28
which facet will always fall on the table
lateral
29
does the apex of the patella point up or down
down
30
is the tibia the medial or lateral bone
medial
31
be able to label the tiba and the landmarks
32
ias the soleal line posterior or anterior
posterior
33
is the fibular notch proximal or distal
distal
34
is the fibular facet proximal or fistal
proximal
35
is the tibial tuberocity anterior or posterior
anterior
36
be able to label the landmarks of the fibula
./
37
is the fibula lateral or medial
lateral
38
is the tibial facet proximal or distal
proximal
39
is the talar facet proximal or fistal
distal
40
true or false: the anterior border goes down into the lateral malleolus
true
41
which is more medial, the anterior or interosses border
interosseous
42
true or false: the fibula is a weight bearing bone
false, mostly there for muscle attaachemnts
43
true or falseL: the taalus is the heel bone
false the calcaneous is the heel bone
44
be able to locate the landmarks of the tarsal
.
45
which is more lateral, the cuboid bone or the navicular
cuboid
46
WHich is more superior: the caalcaneus or the talus
the tlaus
47
true or false: the 1st cuniform is the most medial
true
48
be able to locate and identiy the metatarsal and phalanges
.
49
is the head of the metatarsal proximal or distal
distal
50
what is another name for the 1st metatasal
hallux
51
how many phalanges (toes) do we have
14
52
what components make up the hip joint
```
acetabulum
acetablular labrum (notch)
joint capsule
fovea
intertrocanteric line
ligamentum teres
```
53
what type of joint is the hip joint
diarthrosis synovil ball and socket
54
what is the function of the acetabular labrum?
prevents bone on bone rubbing (protection)
55
what is the purpose of the fovea
it holds of the ligament of the head of the fumer to attcah the femur to the acetabulr fossa
56
what is the purpose of the transverse ligament of the acetablum?
closes the acetabular notch
57
what are the important ligaments of the hip joint
the pubofemoral and the illiofemoral, ishiofemoral
58
be able to locate the ligaments of the hip joint
/
59
true or false: the 2 anterior ligaments of the ishiofemoral and the pubofemoral
false, ishiofemoral is posterior
60
what does coxa valga cause
knee vara
61
what does coxa vara cause
knee valga
62
what are the 2 conditions if you have an abnormal angle of inclination
coxa valga
| coxa vara
63
explain coxa vara
Line through fovea and interscretion with line of the shaft of the humerus
If that angle is decreased (less than 120), femur will shift inward and cause a knee valga (knee goes in to compensate)
causes knock knees
64
what is a normal angle of inclination
120-135 degrees
65
true or false: vara means decreased angle/caving in
true
66
explain coxa valga
if angle is increased, femur will move outward
causing knee vara
bowlegged
67
explain the 2 cases of femoral anterversion
looking from a superior view, the angle through the hum and down the femur
1) if this angle is small, shaft has a medial roation causing toes to move inward (HED OF THE FEMUR STILL CENTRALZIEDO
2) if the angle is small AND THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR IS SITTING ANTERIORLY , toes will appear straight howver there will be uneven wear of the labrum
68
explain 2 cases of femoral retroversion
looking at angle superiorly
1) Angle is too big, shaft will have a lateral rotation causing toes to toe out
BUT HEAD IS STILL CENTRALIZED IN FOSSA
2) angle is still big but the HEAD IS POSISTIONED POSTERIORLY, no toe out will occur but there will be a posterior wear of the labrium
69
what are the extra capsular ligamets of the knee
medial collateral ligament
lateral collacteral ligament
oblique popliteal
patellar ligament
70
explain the medial collateral ligament of the knee and what muscles is it helped by for stability of the knee
long flat ligament
attacahed to medial miniscus
helped by sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosis
71
what is another name for medial collateral ligament
tibial collateral ligament
72
explain the lateral collateral ligament and whaat does it stabilize the knee with
round and short
bursa between it adn the popliteus
stabilizes with
- tendon of biceps femoris
- tendon of popliteus
- iliotibial tract
73
what is another name for the lateralc collateral ligmanet
fibular collateral ligament
74
be able to indentiy the extracapsular ligaments of the knee
/
75
is above the patella considered tendon or ligament
tendon
76
is below the patella considered tendon or ligament
both
77
what are the intracapsular ligaments
anterior cruciate ligament
| posterior cruciate ligament
78
where is the location of the anterior cruciate ligament
goes posteriorly/superiorly to
| lateral femoral condyle
79
what is the fucntion of the anterior cruciate ligament
Prevents internal tibial rotation and anterior glide of tibia on
femur
• Limits hyperextension of knee
80
what is the location of the posterior cruciate ligament
proceeds anteriorly/superiorly to
| medial femoral condyle
81
what is the fucntion of the posterior cruciate ligament
Prevents excessive tibial rotation and posterior glide of the
tibia
• Very important when walking down stairs or on steep incline!!
82
what is another name for menisci
semilunar cartilages
83
the menisci are made of BLANK cartilage
fibrocartilage (avascular)
84
what are the horns of the menisci attaached to
attached to intercondyclar eminence
85
what is the shape of the medial meniscus
c shaped
86
what is the shape of the lateral meniscus
round
87
what are the 3 functions of the meniscu
deepen condylar surfaces
cushions, shock absorption
faciliate lubrication
88
what is the knee joint capsule strengthened by?
oblique politeal
arcurate popliteal
medial/lateral patellar retinaculum
89
what are the 3 knee burdae and where are they located
prepatella (under skin, before patella)
suprapatella *deep tio lig
infrapatellar (deep to lig)
90
what are the 2 ankle joints
talocrucal
| subtalar
91
what type of joint is the talocrural joint
HINGE
92
what bones are involved with the talocrural joint
tibia,talus and fibula
93
what motion can the talocrural joint do and the angles
Dorsi (20°) / Plantarflexion
(50°)
• Abduction 16°
94
what type of joint is the subtalar joint
gliding
95
what bones are invovled in the subtalar joint
calcaneus and talus
96
what motion can the subtalar joint do
inversion and eversion
97
what are the ankle joint angles of prination and supination
Supination: 45 to 60°
Pronation: 15 to 30°
98
what are trhe lateral ligaments of the ankle
Calcaneofibular
antterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
99
what are the medial/deltoid ligaments
antrior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular
100
what are the 2 TRANSVERSE (MID)TARSAL JOINTS
• CALCANEOCUBOID
JOINT
• TALONAVICULAR
JOINT
101
what type of joints are the TRANSVERSE (MID)TARSAL JOINTS
gliding
102
what are the 3 arches
Medial Longitudinal arch
• Lateral Longitudinal arch
• Transverse arch
* Plantar Fascia
* Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring lig.)
103
what compoents make up the medial longitudinal arch
CALC AND TALUS THEN THROUGHT NAVICULAR AND 3 CINUFORMS AND METATSSLS
104
what compoents make up the lateral longitudinal arch
JUST THE CALC, THE CUBOID AND LAST 2 METATARSAL 4 AND 5
105
what components make up the tranverse arch
ACROSS CUBOID AND 3 CUNIFORMS
106
what does the lesser true pelvis hold
holds true pelvic organs (ovearies, uterus, rep system )
107
explain • Upper pelvic aperture
| pelvic inlet
```
• On plane of the
terminal lines
• Arcuate lines
• Pectineal lines
• From sacral
promontory
• To symphysis pubis
```
108
explain the Lower pelvic aperture
(pelvic outlet)
•
```
Diamond shaped
• From arcuate pubic
ligament
• To tip of coccyx
posteriorly
• Lateral bound by
ischial tuberosities
```
109
explain GREATER “FALSE” PELVIS
* Above pelvis aperture
* To iliac crests
* Lower abdominal viscera
110
what are the contents of the lesser true pelvis
LESSER “TRUE” PELVIS
• Contents of the pelvis : Most pelvic organs
• Rectum, urinary bladder, female reproductive organs (vagina, cervix of
the uterus), male prostate gland
111
be able to locate false and true pelvises
/
112
who has a greater angle of pelvis arch, males or females
females
113
what are the 2 types of pubic arches
greater and lesser than 90 degrees
114
what is the reason women's pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
female: sacrum and coxyx are more vertical
115
what is the reason men are less than 90 degrees pubic arch angle
male: sacrum and coxyy is inclined inwards
