Lecture 8 - Maori History & Environment Flashcards
Māori Origins
- Cosmological Origins
- Creation stories Sky father (Rangi) and Eath Mother (Papa)
- Creation of Gods eg.Tangaroa, Tāne Māhuta
- Creation of the first person
- Maui narratives, North Island (Fish), South Island (Waka/ Canoe)
Kupe
1200 AD
discovers Aotearoa
Settlement in New Zealand from
1150-1450
Waka (canoes) travels back and forth to
Hawaiiki (eg. Araiteuru, Mataatua, Tainui)
Settlement in Aotearoa/ New Zealand from Hawaiiki
year
850-1400AD.
First settlements were along
Coastal areas North Island
With time settlement into the interior and the South Island.
Whakapapa/genealogy
Interconnectedness
Maori principles
Whanaungatanga
Manaakitanga
Mana
Utu
Whanaungatanga
Family support
Manaakitanga
General support & Nuturing
Mana
Power & Prestige
Utu
Balance
Abel Janzoon Tasman
year, who is, what he do, sailed to, encountered
(1602-1659)
Dutch explorer
December 1642 sighted land near Hokitika
Sailed to Golden Bay, and encountered the Ngāti Tumatakokiri people
Sailed to West Coast of North Island
James Cook (year, what he do)
(1778-1779)
October 1769 sighted land near Poverty bay, North Island
Place Aotearoa on Maps of Europe
Interacted with many whānau and hapū
Early missionary contact with Māori in 1814
Who Established a Mission in Bay of Islands?
Rev. Samuel Marsden, William Hall, John King and Thomas Kendall
What did Europeans trade with Maori?
nails, axes, pots, knives etc.
What did Aotearoa supply to NSW prison colony?
flax, vegetables, fruit and pork
Captain William Hobson
what he do, when 1st meeting, how many signed, died, responsible for
Drafted Treaty responsible for Māori signatories
1st meeting of chiefs 6 February 1840 at Waitangi.
544 chiefs sign the Treaty
• 505 Māori Version
• 39 English Version
Died in September 1841
Responsible for beginning the Westminster system of government into New Zealand
Treaty of Waitangi 4 parts
Preamble(Introduction)
Article 1 (Sovereignty/ Kawanatanga)
Article 2 (Guarantee lands forests etc/ tāonga)
Article 3 (Māori rights of British subjects)
Social aspects of Aotearoa 1840-1860 (Māori)
Māori adopt western technology for agriculture (grow crops, orchards, stock lands, growing methods)
Increasing land loss, Pākehā population, intermarriage between Pākehā and Māori
Different attitudes to land. Māori did not inherit the land, they have it on loan for their grandchildren.
1857 population of maori and non maori
Non Māori population of approx 59,000
Māori Population of approx 56,000.
Major settlements of Pākehā population in what cities?
Auckland, Wellington, New Plymouth, Nelson, Christchurch and Dunedin.
Wellington, New Plymouth and Nelson were established by
New Zealand Company
a British based immigrant company
Governor George Grey (1845-1853)
Deal with hostilities between Māori and European settlers
Given resources from Britain
Politician
Established a constitution for representative government
General Assembly (Parliament) No representation for Māori
Land Conflicts and Grey
Land title in Nelson, Taranaki and Wellington
Occupied Māori land in Northland with troops
Imprisoned Māori without trial
Assured Māori of their rights
Instituted land sales through large meetings.
Land Conflicts and Grey
1852 Constitution set up two
provincial governments and a central government
Māori responsibility shifted from the governor to the central settler government
Trouble in Taranaki
Government agents try buy land at Waitara
negotiated with Te Teira Manuka instead of Wiremu Kingi (Wiremu Kingi Te Rangitake) of Ngāti Kura and Ngāti Mutunga of Ati Awa.
Fighting Broke out, stale mate was a result
Government criticised by..
& why?
missionaries and the Chief Justice for not properly dealing with Māori.
Governor Gore Browne criticised by
settler government for the stalemate and giving up rights.
He was sent back to England
Governor George Grey (1860-1868)
sent back to NZ
Reoccupied (with troops) the disputed Taranaki
Māori protests met by force
Battles in Taranaki
Took land because Maori deemed ‘in rebellion’
Governor George Grey 1863
invaded Waikato, Eastern Bay of Plenty.
Took land because Maori deemed ‘in rebellion’
Settler Government responses for Land acquisition
Deeds of Purchases
New Zealand Settlement Act 1863 (confiscation of land)
Native Land Court Act 1862
Native Land Court Act 1865
(land investigation and subsequent sale)
PublicWorksActs (compulsory taking of land)
Crown Purchases regions
Nelson / Blenheim North Canterbury West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland / Stewart Island
Crown purchases in Nelson / Blenheim regions
Wairau Purchase
Waitohi
Pakawau
Waipounamu Purchase
Year of Crown purchases in Wairau Purchase Waitohi Pakawau Waipounamu Purchase
1847
1850
1852
1856
Crown purchases in North Canterbury regions
North Canterbury Purchase Kaikoura Purchase
Year of Crown purchases in North Canterbury Purchase Kaikoura Purchase
1857
1859
Crown purchases in West Coast
& year of purchase
Arahura Purchase
1860
Crown purchases in Canterbury regions
Kemp Purchase
Port Cooper Purchase Port Levy Purchase
Akaroa Purchase
Year of Crown purchases in
Kemp Purchase
Port Cooper Purchase Port Levy Purchase
Akaroa Purchase
1848
1849
1849
1856
Crown purchases in Otago regions
& year of purchase
Otakou Purchase
1844
Crown purchases in Southland / Stewart Island regions
& year of purchase
Murihiku Purchase
Rakiura Purchase
1853
1864
Year of purchases in Nelson / Blenheim North Canterbury West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland / Stewart Island
1844 - 1864
Problems
- Direct British influence in New Zealand was minimised and marginalised viz. Settlers
- 1867 Māori Representation Act (4 members)
- Legislation pertaining to rivers, harbours etc ignore Māori and their rights
- Deeds of Sale for Land; Various provisions not carried out by the purchaser (Crown)
Māori responses
Māori King movement (from 1850s)
Māori Parliament movement (late 1870s-1902) (Own political movements)
Petitions to the Crown to recognise breaches of Treaty rights.
Petitions to the Crown to recognise breaches of Treaty rights.
Appendices to the Journal of the House of Representatives
Deeds of Sale
Rivers
Land blocks
Petitions to Queen Victoria, 1882, 1884.
Māori by 1900
3/4 maori land taken by crown
Huge areas of New Zealand populated by destitute Māori
census Māori (42,000)
Cooks arrival 1776 Maori population
approx. 100,000
1857/1858 Māori and pakeha population
56,000
59,000
1896 Māori population
42,000
