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Pop health > Lecture 15 - Patterns Of Disease Globally And Over Time > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Patterns Of Disease Globally And Over Time Flashcards

1
Q

what were the diseases in the Middle ages London 1665?

A
  • Small pox
  • Tuberculosis
  • Influenza
  • Bubonic plague
  • Infectious (communical) diseases
  • Dominate kill
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2
Q

what does the Bills of mortality 1665 show?

A
  • Categorize what people died of
  • disease pattern was dominated by communicable infectious disease
  • 35 years life expectancy

London population 460000
Plague death 100000
Woman and children unlucky

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3
Q

Communicable infectious diseases

A

Group 1 diseases

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4
Q

Global burden of disease 2015

A
  • 56.4 million death
  • Non communicable deaths 70%
  • 54% list in top 10 (Communicable deaths decreases in prevalence)
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5
Q

Global life expectancy 2015

A

71.4 year olds

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6
Q

Non communicable deaths 70%

A
  • Cardiovascular,

- Diseases associated with older age groups

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7
Q

2000 how many diseases were in group 1 (in top 10 causes of death globally)

A

4 non communicable diseases

6 communicable diseases

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8
Q

2015 how many diseases were in group 1 (in top 10 causes of death globally)

A

6 non communicable diseases
3 communicable
Road injury occurred (not in 2000)

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9
Q

What is the biggest cause of death in 18 years so far?

A

Stoke

Occurred in 2000 and 2015

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10
Q

What are some causes of death that moved of the list between 2000 and 2015?

A

HIV aids

Pre term birth complications and asphyxiations

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11
Q

What are some diseases that still remain in 2015 and 2000?

A

Diarrhoeal

Tb

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12
Q

What are some diseases added Killed 1.6 mill in 2015?

A

diabetes

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13
Q

What disease have doubled between 2000 and 2015?

A 
Alzheimers, dementia
Road injuries (1.3 mil in 2015)
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14
Q

Low income countries top 10 causes of death

A
  • 7 communicable diseases
  • “Big 3” HIV, malaia, tb
  • Stroke and non communicable diseases
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15
Q

Quantifying the Burden of Disease for mortality and morbidity

A

Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

Global or country

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16
Q

1 DALY

A

one year of healthy life lost due to premature mortality (Years of Life Lost - YLL) for people living with a health condition or its consequences (Years Lost due to Disability - YLD)

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17
Q

Morbidity

A

Departure from physiological or psychological wellbeing

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18
Q

DALY measure

A

difference between a populations current health status and ideal health status

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19
Q

NZ population overall
Burden of Disease 2006

  • 955000 years of healthy life
  • DALY indicates
A

DALYs indicate NZ losing over 1mil healthy life now

51% fatal events
49% non fatal

20
Q

NZ population overall

Burden of Disease 2006 Males compared to females 2006

A

Males high fatal lost (YLL)
Males low non fatal lost (YLD)

Females more burden with disability.

  • Live longer
  • Have disability longer
  • Higher DALYs

Age distribution non fatal
- Teens (15-19)

21
Q

Global life expectancy changes over 215 years

  • X income per person per year (GDP)
  • Y life expectancy

life expectancy of Japan, NZ, Sierra leone and Congo

A

Japan
84 years

NZ
81 years males
83 years females

Sierra leone and congo
51 years males
52 years females

22
Q

2 separate theories that occur at the same time

A

Epidemiological

Demographic

23
Q

Demographic Transition explains

A
  • Changes in population death and birth rates over time

- Growth and change in populations over time

24
Q

Epidemiological Transition explains

A

Changes in population disease patterns over time
– Communicable disease
– Non-communicable diseases

25
Q

Demographic transition graph

  • Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year)
  • X time. total population

Once transitions begins will have a situation where population will have
(death and birth rate, total population)

A

High death and birth rate

Low total population

26
Q

Demographic transition graph

  • Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year)
  • X time total population

As move through transitions (death and birth rate, total population)

A

Decrease death rate

Increase total population

27
Q

Demographic transition graph

  • Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year)
  • X time total population

Further on transition (death and birth rate, total population)

A

Decrease birth rate and when added to declining death rate

Increase to the total population

28
Q

Demographic transition graph

  • Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year)
  • X time total population

Nearly end of transition (death and birth rate, total population)

A

Low death and birth rate

Stabilise total population growth

29
Q

Demographic transition graph

  • Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year)
  • X time total population

What will happen to the median age of the population over time if that trend is showing?

A

Increase median age as move through transition

30
Q

Demographic transition pyramids

NZ transition pyramids 1900

A

Young based population
Not many people make to older age groups
23 years median age population

31
Q

Demographic transition pyramids

NZ transition pyramids 2000

A

population median age 34 year

Low population 0-4 year olds (compared to 1900)

32
Q

Demographic transition pyramids

NZ transition pyramids 2100

A

All age groups uniform

Suggest median age will be older

33
Q

Demographic transition pyramids

NZ transition pyramids by 2061

A

Median age in NZ will be 44 years old

Story of whole population not groups

34
Q

In maori population median age
Pacific population median age
NZ european population
Asian population

A

23.9 years
22.1 years
41 years
30.6 years

35
Q

Epidemiological transition

A

Decrease communicable disease

Increase non communicable diseases (people living longer)

36
Q

What are 2 public health actions that have had the greatest impact on our population and disease pattern during time frame when we think about the transitions?

A

Sewage system and sanitarium

Clean water

37
Q

Significance of human ageing

Globally 1950s probability of survival 80-90 year age groups

Significance of human ageing
By 2002 to live to 80-80 year age groups

Significance of human ageing
In japan

A

15% female
12% males

37% females
25% males

50%

38
Q

Significance of human aging
Come about due to…
Longegitivity continue to…

A

Decrease death rate in (demographic transition)

increase

39
Q

Life expectancy over the years

A

increased sharply

40
Q 
life expectancy 
1930s
2014
2030
2080
number of people lived to 90
A

1000 people
26000
50000
180000

41
Q

over the years woman have

A

fewer children

42
Q

By 2030

A

For first time in history

Older persons will have higher number than children in 0-9 age group

43
Q

Morbidity occurs later in life

A

– Slow the progression from chronic disease to disability
– Will create an increase in milder chronic disease but a decrease in the period of time a person experiences severe Disability will be less
– Maintain function and improve wellbeing

44
Q

summary epidemiological

transition

A

Disease patterns have changed over time from a dominance of communicable disease to a dominance of non-communicable disease

45
Q

summary demographic transition

A

Populations have grown and changed over time, life expectancy is increasing

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