Lecture 11 Pacific Flashcards

1
Q

Polynesia

A

Many islands
Triangle (NZ, Hawaii, Easter island)
Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Niue, French poly.

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2
Q

Melanesia

A

Black islands

Solomon island, Fiji, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia.

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3
Q

Micronesia

A

Small coral islands

Palau, Kiribati, Marshall islands, Federated states of micronesia, Nauru.

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4
Q

COMMON MISREPRESENTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PACIFIC PEOPLES AND THE PACIFIC REGION

A

Utopia and Dystopian representations

Bombs in Marshall islands

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5
Q

DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC: (PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTS)

A

Climate & weather: frosts, tsunamis, cyclones, typhoons, floods and drought (2013 Ailuk Atoll Marshall islands).

sandy atolls to high volcanic mountains, atolls, lagoons (Palau, Micronesia)

Rural, urban

Flora, fauna,

climate change (sea level rise)

Dive caves (solomon islands)

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6
Q

DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC

A

Culture, languages, art, tourism, sports

Waitaki Tongan Community 2012
Trobriand cricket
Kilikiti (samoan cricket)

e.g.Papua New Guinea 1/3 world’s languages (780).

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7
Q

A HISTORY OF PACIFIC MIGRATION

A

Pre-history
Ancestral journeys
Traditions
Voyaging and trade traditions

Pre-European journeys

  • Exchange e.g. Trobriands
  • Marriage partners
  • Initiations
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8
Q

EARLY MOVEMENTS

A

Force (war, slavery, indenture, religion)

Natural hazards (cyclones, earthquakes, changing sea levels)

Resources, trade e.g. Kula Ring

Resistance e.g. to missions, other tribes

Separation/independence e.g. Kiribati and Tuvalu (Gilbert & Ellis)

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9
Q

KULA MIGRATIONS

Trade a key reason for mobility (what do they trade?)

A

Obsidian, string bags, pottery, salt, taro, pigs and whales teeth, dogs, shells

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10
Q

Human movements

A

marriage partners

­initiation rites e.g. seclusion, fasting, hardship, daring feats
­
worship e.g. to temples (marae or vanaa) in French Polynesia, and war.

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11
Q

Definition MODERN MIGRATION

The United Nations (UN):

A

movement of people from one place to another, Permanent move from home for over 1 year.

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12
Q

Migration

A

Permanent move to a new location

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13
Q

Emigration

A

Migration from a location

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14
Q

Immigration

A

Migration to a location

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15
Q

WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?

A

Push & Pull Factors

Economic
Environmental
Socio-cultural

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16
Q

ECONOMIC PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

NZ, Australia & USA:

A

opportunity

attractiveness of region shifts with economic change.

NZ (land milk honey)
AU (hardship & disappointment)

17
Q

REMITTANCES

A

Transfers of money from internal (rural- urban) and international migrants to family in their home country

18
Q

REMITTANCES Significance:

A

groceries, school, village and family obligations; church donations, school fees, family funerals, birthdays, and weddings., the building / house purchases, local business, vehicle purchase.

19
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, July 1946

A

temporary forced movement – Bikini

Permanent forced – resettlement (banaba to Rabi in Fiji)

Voluntary migration – in search of better quality of life

20
Q

Permanent forced – resettlement

A

banaba to Rabi in Fiji

21
Q

Voluntary migration

A

in search of better quality of life

22
Q

Social reasons PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

A
­Access education, medical services
­
Transition to adulthood
­
Village obligations
23
Q

Cultural push factors

A

Forced international migration

Historically, slavery (black birding), indentured labour, and political instability

­Ethnic segregation and wars

24
Q

SOCIO-CULTURAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

A

Improve communication facilities

Transport / technology (access, frequency, speed, cost)

Internet, television, cinema, media

Resultant change in ideas and attitudes

25
Q

TYPES OF MIGRATION

A

­­­Circular eg single men, temporary

Labour eg plantations, mines

Inland to coast

Periphery to core (rural to town)

External eg foreign ships

International

The Recognized Seasonal Employers Scheme (RSE), New Zealand (Since 2007-

Climate change displacement

Crimmigration

26
Q

EMIGRATION AND OTHER OPPORTUNITIES

A

Semi/professionalism Sport
Acting
Vocations

27
Q

Semi/professionalism Sport people examples

A

Daniel Faalele (Minnesota offensive lineman)

Dump truck (Sumo)

Joseph Kayes (water polo)

28
Q

Acting people examples

A

Veronica Pome’e (model)

Dwayne (The Rock) Johnson

29
Q

Vocations people examples

A

Fijian military

Papali’i Dr Viopapa (Annandale Atherton)

30
Q

PACIFIC DIASPORA

A

meaningful point of identification for a range of communities living away from their homelands for generations, across the globe

31
Q

Pacific history and environment

A

Locating the Pacific via cartography

Common Misrepresentations of Pacific peoples & Pacific region

Diversity of Pacific

Pacific Migration

Migration and Settlement in NZ PART 1

32
Q

Locating the Pacific via cartography

A

The Pacific Ocean,

Oceania (Pacific islands), Polynesia Melanesia & Micronesia

33
Q

Common Misrepresentations of Pacific peoples & Pacific region

A

Utopia & Dystopia

34
Q

Diversity of Pacific

A

Environments (e.g physical, cultural, social, political)

35
Q

Pacific Migration

A

Historical (early Movements, Kula migrations)

Modern Migration (Reasons &
motivations, Push & Pull Factors, Types)
36
Q

Migration and Settlement in NZ PART 1

A

Journey of Pacific peoples in New Zealand