Lecture 11 Pacific Flashcards
Polynesia
Many islands
Triangle (NZ, Hawaii, Easter island)
Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Niue, French poly.
Melanesia
Black islands
Solomon island, Fiji, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia.
Micronesia
Small coral islands
Palau, Kiribati, Marshall islands, Federated states of micronesia, Nauru.
COMMON MISREPRESENTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PACIFIC PEOPLES AND THE PACIFIC REGION
Utopia and Dystopian representations
Bombs in Marshall islands
DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC: (PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTS)
Climate & weather: frosts, tsunamis, cyclones, typhoons, floods and drought (2013 Ailuk Atoll Marshall islands).
sandy atolls to high volcanic mountains, atolls, lagoons (Palau, Micronesia)
Rural, urban
Flora, fauna,
climate change (sea level rise)
Dive caves (solomon islands)
DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC
Culture, languages, art, tourism, sports
Waitaki Tongan Community 2012
Trobriand cricket
Kilikiti (samoan cricket)
e.g.Papua New Guinea 1/3 world’s languages (780).
A HISTORY OF PACIFIC MIGRATION
Pre-history
Ancestral journeys
Traditions
Voyaging and trade traditions
Pre-European journeys
- Exchange e.g. Trobriands
- Marriage partners
- Initiations
EARLY MOVEMENTS
Force (war, slavery, indenture, religion)
Natural hazards (cyclones, earthquakes, changing sea levels)
Resources, trade e.g. Kula Ring
Resistance e.g. to missions, other tribes
Separation/independence e.g. Kiribati and Tuvalu (Gilbert & Ellis)
KULA MIGRATIONS
Trade a key reason for mobility (what do they trade?)
Obsidian, string bags, pottery, salt, taro, pigs and whales teeth, dogs, shells
Human movements
marriage partners
initiation rites e.g. seclusion, fasting, hardship, daring feats
worship e.g. to temples (marae or vanaa) in French Polynesia, and war.
Definition MODERN MIGRATION
The United Nations (UN):
movement of people from one place to another, Permanent move from home for over 1 year.
Migration
Permanent move to a new location
Emigration
Migration from a location
Immigration
Migration to a location
WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
Push & Pull Factors
Economic
Environmental
Socio-cultural
ECONOMIC PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
NZ, Australia & USA:
opportunity
attractiveness of region shifts with economic change.
NZ (land milk honey)
AU (hardship & disappointment)
REMITTANCES
Transfers of money from internal (rural- urban) and international migrants to family in their home country
REMITTANCES Significance:
groceries, school, village and family obligations; church donations, school fees, family funerals, birthdays, and weddings., the building / house purchases, local business, vehicle purchase.
ENVIRONMENTAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, July 1946
temporary forced movement – Bikini
Permanent forced – resettlement (banaba to Rabi in Fiji)
Voluntary migration – in search of better quality of life
Permanent forced – resettlement
banaba to Rabi in Fiji
Voluntary migration
in search of better quality of life
Social reasons PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Access education, medical services Transition to adulthood Village obligations
Cultural push factors
Forced international migration
Historically, slavery (black birding), indentured labour, and political instability
Ethnic segregation and wars
SOCIO-CULTURAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Improve communication facilities
Transport / technology (access, frequency, speed, cost)
Internet, television, cinema, media
Resultant change in ideas and attitudes
TYPES OF MIGRATION
Circular eg single men, temporary
Labour eg plantations, mines
Inland to coast
Periphery to core (rural to town)
External eg foreign ships
International
The Recognized Seasonal Employers Scheme (RSE), New Zealand (Since 2007-
Climate change displacement
Crimmigration
EMIGRATION AND OTHER OPPORTUNITIES
Semi/professionalism Sport
Acting
Vocations
Semi/professionalism Sport people examples
Daniel Faalele (Minnesota offensive lineman)
Dump truck (Sumo)
Joseph Kayes (water polo)
Acting people examples
Veronica Pome’e (model)
Dwayne (The Rock) Johnson
Vocations people examples
Fijian military
Papali’i Dr Viopapa (Annandale Atherton)
PACIFIC DIASPORA
meaningful point of identification for a range of communities living away from their homelands for generations, across the globe
Pacific history and environment
Locating the Pacific via cartography
Common Misrepresentations of Pacific peoples & Pacific region
Diversity of Pacific
Pacific Migration
Migration and Settlement in NZ PART 1
Locating the Pacific via cartography
The Pacific Ocean,
Oceania (Pacific islands), Polynesia Melanesia & Micronesia
Common Misrepresentations of Pacific peoples & Pacific region
Utopia & Dystopia
Diversity of Pacific
Environments (e.g physical, cultural, social, political)
Pacific Migration
Historical (early Movements, Kula migrations)
Modern Migration (Reasons & motivations, Push & Pull Factors, Types)
Migration and Settlement in NZ PART 1
Journey of Pacific peoples in New Zealand
