Lecture 11 Pacific

Question 1

Polynesia

Answer 1

Many islands
Triangle (NZ, Hawaii, Easter island)
Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Niue, French poly.

Question 2

Melanesia

Answer 2

Black islands

Solomon island, Fiji, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia.

Question 3

Micronesia

Answer 3

Small coral islands

Palau, Kiribati, Marshall islands, Federated states of micronesia, Nauru.

Question 4

COMMON MISREPRESENTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PACIFIC PEOPLES AND THE PACIFIC REGION

Answer 4

Utopia and Dystopian representations

Bombs in Marshall islands

Question 5

DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC: (PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTS)

Answer 5

Climate & weather: frosts, tsunamis, cyclones, typhoons, floods and drought (2013 Ailuk Atoll Marshall islands).

sandy atolls to high volcanic mountains, atolls, lagoons (Palau, Micronesia)

Rural, urban

Flora, fauna,

climate change (sea level rise)

Dive caves (solomon islands)

Question 6

DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC

Answer 6

Culture, languages, art, tourism, sports

Waitaki Tongan Community 2012
Trobriand cricket
Kilikiti (samoan cricket)

e.g.Papua New Guinea 1/3 world’s languages (780).

Question 7

A HISTORY OF PACIFIC MIGRATION

Answer 7

Pre-history
Ancestral journeys
Traditions
Voyaging and trade traditions

Pre-European journeys

• Exchange e.g. Trobriands
• Marriage partners
• Initiations

Question 8

EARLY MOVEMENTS

Answer 8

Force (war, slavery, indenture, religion)

Natural hazards (cyclones, earthquakes, changing sea levels)

Resources, trade e.g. Kula Ring

Resistance e.g. to missions, other tribes

Separation/independence e.g. Kiribati and Tuvalu (Gilbert & Ellis)

Question 9

KULA MIGRATIONS

Trade a key reason for mobility (what do they trade?)

Answer 9

Obsidian, string bags, pottery, salt, taro, pigs and whales teeth, dogs, shells

Question 10

Human movements

Answer 10

marriage partners

­initiation rites e.g. seclusion, fasting, hardship, daring feats
­
worship e.g. to temples (marae or vanaa) in French Polynesia, and war.

Question 11

Definition MODERN MIGRATION

The United Nations (UN):

Answer 11

movement of people from one place to another, Permanent move from home for over 1 year.

Question 12

Migration

Answer 12

Permanent move to a new location

Question 13

Emigration

Answer 13

Migration from a location

Question 14

Immigration

Answer 14

Migration to a location

Question 15

WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?

Answer 15

Push & Pull Factors

Economic
Environmental
Socio-cultural

Question 16

ECONOMIC PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

NZ, Australia & USA:

Answer 16

opportunity

attractiveness of region shifts with economic change.

NZ (land milk honey)
AU (hardship & disappointment)

Question 17

REMITTANCES

Answer 17

Transfers of money from internal (rural- urban) and international migrants to family in their home country

Question 18

REMITTANCES Significance:

Answer 18

groceries, school, village and family obligations; church donations, school fees, family funerals, birthdays, and weddings., the building / house purchases, local business, vehicle purchase.

Question 19

ENVIRONMENTAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, July 1946

Answer 19

temporary forced movement – Bikini

Permanent forced – resettlement (banaba to Rabi in Fiji)

Voluntary migration – in search of better quality of life

Question 20

Permanent forced – resettlement

Answer 20

banaba to Rabi in Fiji

Question 21

Voluntary migration

Answer 21

in search of better quality of life

Question 22

Social reasons PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

Answer 22

­Access education, medical services
­
Transition to adulthood
­
Village obligations

Question 23

Cultural push factors

Answer 23

Forced international migration

Historically, slavery (black birding), indentured labour, and political instability

­Ethnic segregation and wars

Question 24

SOCIO-CULTURAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

Answer 24

Improve communication facilities

Transport / technology (access, frequency, speed, cost)

Internet, television, cinema, media

Resultant change in ideas and attitudes

Question 25

TYPES OF MIGRATION

Answer 25

­­­Circular eg single men, temporary

Labour eg plantations, mines

Inland to coast

Periphery to core (rural to town)

External eg foreign ships

International

The Recognized Seasonal Employers Scheme (RSE), New Zealand (Since 2007-

Climate change displacement

Crimmigration

Question 26

EMIGRATION AND OTHER OPPORTUNITIES

Answer 26

Semi/professionalism Sport
Acting
Vocations

Question 27

Semi/professionalism Sport people examples

Answer 27

Daniel Faalele (Minnesota offensive lineman)

Dump truck (Sumo)

Joseph Kayes (water polo)

Question 28

Acting people examples

Answer 28

Veronica Pome’e (model)

Dwayne (The Rock) Johnson

Question 29

Vocations people examples

Answer 29

Fijian military

Papali’i Dr Viopapa (Annandale Atherton)

Question 30

PACIFIC DIASPORA

Answer 30

meaningful point of identification for a range of communities living away from their homelands for generations, across the globe

Question 31

Pacific history and environment

Answer 31

Locating the Pacific via cartography

Common Misrepresentations of Pacific peoples & Pacific region

Diversity of Pacific

Pacific Migration

Migration and Settlement in NZ PART 1

Question 32

Locating the Pacific via cartography

Answer 32

The Pacific Ocean,

Oceania (Pacific islands), Polynesia Melanesia & Micronesia

Question 33

Common Misrepresentations of Pacific peoples & Pacific region

Answer 33

Utopia & Dystopia

Question 34

Diversity of Pacific

Answer 34

Environments (e.g physical, cultural, social, political)

Question 35

Pacific Migration

Answer 35

Historical (early Movements, Kula migrations)

Modern Migration (Reasons &
motivations, Push & Pull Factors, Types)

Question 36

Migration and Settlement in NZ PART 1

Answer 36

Journey of Pacific peoples in New Zealand