Lecture #8: hormones Flashcards
What is the fastest acting hormone?
Adrenaline (ephinepherine)
Properties of hormones
- produced in small amounts
- originate in a gland or neurocirculatory cell
- travel in circulatory system
- work at a distance
- has specific targets (has receptors for hormones)
Study of hormones
Endocrinology
Peptide hormones
- water solube
- binds to receptors on the OUTSIDE of the cell
–> activates a second messanger inside the cell- changes cell activity
Steroid hormones
- lipid soluble
- will pass THROUGH cell membrane
- binds to receptors INSIDE of the cell
—> changes DNA expression (can have long term effects on cells, tissues, organs, etc)
Source
where it came from
Target
where its going
TRH
thyroid releasing hormone
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
Goiter
deficient in iodine (needed to make T3 and T4)
- cannot manufacture T3 and T4 with this condition
- more TRH and TSH are produced, causes an enlarged thyroid
- negative feedback loop cannot be completed
What happens near the end of pregnancy?
High levels of estrogen
- causes an increase in receptors for oxytocin on uterus
What is diabeties?
Failure to regulate blood sugar
What is type I diabetes?
Pancreas fails to produce insulin (autoimmune disease, immune system attacks pancreas)
What is type II diabetes?
Cells cannot take in insulin (weak response to insulin signal)
What is glycogen?
Glucose is converted to this in the liver for storage
