Lecture 8 Head Face and Neck

Question 1

Cranial bones 8

Answer 1

o	Frontal
o	Parietal (2)
o	Temporal (2)
o	Occipital
o	Sphenoid(hawk thing)(eye sockets) + ethmoid (key stone)

Question 2

• Sutures- joints where cranial bones unite 3

Answer 2

o	Coronal
o	Sagittal (parietal bones)
o	Lamboid (temporal bones)

Question 3

• Facial bones (14)

Answer 3

 Nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible

Question 4

• Cervical bones support (7)

Answer 4

o C1 = Atlas (supports head)

Question 5

Head + Face

Answer 5

o Protect, support and stabilize the brain.
o Houses delicate sense organs.
o Entrance to digestive and respiratory systems.
o Cranial and facial bones serve attachment for muscles – move our head, chew food, express our emotions.

Question 6

Neck

Answer 6

o Major neck muscles: sterno[cleido]mastoid, trapezius

o Anterior and posterior triangles

Question 7

o Thyroid Gland

Answer 7

endocrine gland ( controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary gland

 Secretes T3, T4 hormones- act in metabolism
 Secretes calcitonin-  blood calcium
 Cartilage makes the adams apple

Question 8

• Goitre

Answer 8

o An enlarged thyroid gland
o Can occur with:
 hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism (overactive or underactive thyroid gland) inadequate iodine intake (overstimulation of thyroid gland)

Question 9

• Lymph nodes

Answer 9

o Preauricular- in front of ear (make sure you cant feel them)
o Posterior auricular- behind ear, on mastoid process
o Occipital- at base of the skull
o Submental- under chin, behind tip of mandible
o Submandibular- under jaw line, ½ way between angle & tip of mandible
o Tonsillar (Jugulodigastric)- behind angle of mandible
o Superficial cervical- over the sternocleidomastoid
o Deep cervical- under the sternocleidomastoid
o Posterior cervical- along edge of trapezius in post. triangle
o Supraclavicular- above the clavicle

Question 10

Lymphatics

Functions

Answer 10

• Lymphatic drainage- returns the almost 3L of fluid that leaks from the capillaries back to the circulatory system

o blood-interstitial fluid-lymph-blood

o A separate vessel system
o Goes towards the heart

• Part of the immune system (removes waste and excess fluid) (mostly plasma, wate)
• Aids in transporting dietary fat

Question 11

Subjective Data

Answer 11

• Headache – unusually frequent or severe
• Head injury – LOC?
• Dizziness- vertigo (sense of spinning)
• Neck pain or limited motion – numbness or tingling? Trauma, gradual onset?
• Lumps or swelling – Lymph nodes? Salivary glands enlarged? Difficulty swallowing? (dysphagia)?
• Hx of surgery- Past surgeries

Question 12

Objective Data

Answer 12

Head–Inspect and palpate the skull
•	Size and shape
•	Normocephaly= round symmetrical skull
•	Microcephaly= abnormally small head
•	Macrocephaly= abnormally large head
•	Temporal area
•	Palpate temporal artery above zygomatic bone & TMJ
Head–Inspect the face
•	Facial structures- symmetry, swelling

Bruit (thyroid noise)

Question 13

Infants and children

Answer 13

• Head growth
• Head larger than chest until 2 yrs
• Fontanelles – spaces where sutures intersect
• Posterior- closes at 1-2 months
• Anterior- closes at 9 months-2 years

• Lymphatic system – well-developed; atrophies at puberty

Question 14

• Older adults

Answer 14

• Prominent facial bones- due to decreased subcutaneous (below the skin) fat
• Senile tremors- involuntary mild tremors in the head seen in older age