Lecture 7 Mobility Flashcards
Effects of immobility: Musculoskeletal
Disuse atrophy- decrease in muscle mass d/t lack of use
(Lose at 3% perday)
Disuse osteoporosis- Porous bones d/t lack of use = Lack of pressure on bone, depleted of calcium
Joint contractures- Shortening of muscles causing joint fixation
Effects of immobility: Respiratory
Decreased respiratory movement- d/t expansion difficulties + muscle atrophy
- May lead to Vital Capacity
- Pooling of secretions
- Atelectasis- collapse of a lobe or entire lung
• Hypostatic pneumonia- pneumonia caused by static resp. secretions = Bacteria growth
Effects of immobility: Cardiovascular
- Increased cardiac workload- decreased cardiac output and decreased ability to pump effectively with exertion
- Orthostatic hypotension- BP d/t postural changes. = A drop of >20 mmHg in SBP or >10 mmHg in DBP within 3 mins of standing // Standing suddenly
- Pooling of blood in lower extremities
- Venous vasodilation- d/t skeletal muscle contraction= pooling of blood in veins
- Dependent edema- venous pressure= serous fluid into interstitial spaces in dependent areas
- Thrombus formation (clot)
- Embolus= Travelling clot (PE)
- Thrombophlebitis=inflamed vessel wall
Effects of immobility: Metabolic / GI
- Decreased metabolic rate- energy requirements of the body decrease
- Decreased protein stores- catabolism exceeds anabolism in muscles
- Anorexia- loss of appetite
- Constipation- d/t less peristalsis and atrophy abdominal and perineal muscles
Effects of immobility: Urinary
- Urinary stasis- stoppage or slowdown of urine flow
- Renal calculi- kidney stones (calcium
- Urinary retention- accumulation of urine in bladder (may lead to incontinence)
- Urinary infection- d/t urinary stasis and bacteria
Effects of immobility: integumentary
• Reduced skin turgor- skin elasticity
• Skin breakdown- d/t blood circulation
o Braden Scale – predicts pressure ulcer risk
Effects of immobility: psychosocial
• Psychological- lowered self esteem
