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Nurs 202 > Lecture 7 Musculo > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Musculo Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Musculo System

Made up of?

A

Support, movement, protect organs, stores minerals, produce RBC

Muscles, bones, joints

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2
Q

Structure
Cartilage(hyaline, elastic, fibrous)

Tendons
Ligaments
bursae

A

Dense connective tissue

  • Hyaline = most abundant
  • elastic (pliable and resilient, throat)
  • Fibrous = dense and strong (midline)

Connect bone to muscle

connect bone to bone

fluid filled sac to reduce friction

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3
Q

Types of muscle

Skeletal
Cardiac
smooth

A

Striated, voluntary (posture is not)

Striated, involuntary, pacemaker cells

In organs and walls of hallow structures (not striated) involuntary

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4
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Composed of fibers, bundles into fascicles, grouped into muscle

Muscle hypertrophy enlarges existing fibers (born with all our fibers)

700 Muscles

40-50% of body weight

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5
Q 
Flexion
extension
hyperextension
abduction
adduction
circumduction
pronation
supination
inversion
eversion
rotation
protraction
retraction
elevation
depression
A
  • Flexion- bending a limb at a joint (dorsiflexion) (reduce angle)
  • Extension- extending a limb at a joint (plantar) (increase angle)
  • Hyperextension- overextension of a joint
  • Abduction- moving a limb away the midline of the body
  • Adduction- moving a limb toward the midline of the body
  • Circumduction- Moving the distal part of a limb in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
  • Pronation- turning the forearm so the palm is down
  • Supination- turning the forearm so the palm is up
  • Inversion- Moving of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
  • Eversion- Moving of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
  • Rotation- Moving of a limb around its central axis
  • Protraction- Moving a body part forward & parallel to the ground
  • Retraction- Moving a body part backward & parallel to the ground
  • Elevation- up a body part
  • Depression- down a body part
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6
Q

Intramuscular site (big muscle hard to hit nerves)

A

Deltoid, gluteus maximus, Vastus lateralis

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7
Q

Bones

A

206 bones

axial and appendicular

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8
Q

Bone Classification

A 
Long
short
flat 
irregular 
sesamoid
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9
Q

Synovial Components

Cavity
fluid
cartilage
capsule and ligament

A

Space

Fluid

Cartilage on end of bones

Surrounds cavity for support

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10
Q

Synovial types

Planar
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket
A

o Planar – allow gliding
o Hinge – allow opening and closing (TMJ)
o Pivot – roation on its axis
o Condyloid – allow flexion/ extension, abduction/abbuction and cirumdunction
o Saddle – modified condyloid joints
o Ball and soket – able to perform all movements

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11
Q

Spine

Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis

A

Double S (33 with some fused) Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 fused coccyx 3-4 fused

Increase in outward curve of thoracic spine

Increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine (pregnancy)

Lateral curvature of spine (forward bend test)

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12
Q

Shoulder

Composed of

Landmarks

A

humerus and scapula
Ball and socket

Acrominion process (bump of scapula)
Greater tubercle
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13
Q

Elbow

Composed of

Landmarks

A

Humerus, ulna, radius
primary hinge joint

Medial/lateral epicondyles
olecranon process

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14
Q

Wrist

COmposed of

A

Radius, carpals
side to side
condyloid joint

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15
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of median nerve inside wrist
Pain burning numbness

Phalens test(wrist together and down)

Tinels test (tap)

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16
Q

Hip

composed of

landmarks

A

Femur head, hipbone
ball and socket joint

Ant. superior iliac spine
Greater trochanter
Ischial tuberosity

17
Q

Knee consists of

Landmarks

A

Femur, tibia, patella
Hinge joint

Quad muscle tibial tuberosity

Fluid in knee
Tests: bulge sign and Ballottement (larger amount of fluid) test

Torn meniscus (mcmurray test)

18
Q

Ankle consists of

landmarks

A

tibia, fibula, talus of foot
hinge joint

medial and lateral malleolus (pressure injuries)

19
Q

Subjective data

A

oJoints (pain, stiffness, inflammation, limited movement)
oMuscles (cramps, weakness)
oBones (pain, deformity, trauma)

ASK ADLS

20
Q

Objective Data

A

o Head to toe
o Proximal to distal
o Compare one side of body to other

21
Q

Inspection

Deformities

A

Joint size and contour both sides and symmetry
colour masses or deformities

o Dislocation- displacement
o Subluxation- partial dislocation
o Contracture- shortening of muscle
o Ankylosis- stiffness

22
Q

Palpation

A

Temp
Muscles bones and joint capsules
heat tenderness swelling or masses (no fluid)

23
Q

ROM

A

Active (moves own joint) vs Passive (you move it)

Crepitation

Goniometer to measure

24
Q

Muscle Test

A

Resistance bilateral rate 0-5

25
Q

Infants

A

Spine changes up to 18 months

Check for hip dislocation

Ortolani maneuver

26
Q

Preschool/ school aged

A

Observe during play

▫ Genu varum (bowlegged), Genu valgum (knock-kneed)

27
Q

Teens

A

Scoliosis

28
Q

• Common changes in pregnancy:

A 
▫	Progressive lordosis
▫	Anterior cervical flexion
▫	Kyphosis
▫	Slumped shoulders
▫	Waddling gait
29
Q

Older adults

A

▫ Loss of bone (osteoporosis)
▫ Atrophy of muscle (decrease in size)
▫ Postural changes (kyphosis)
▫ Functional assessment

30
Q 
Key terms
•	Arthritis
▫	Rheumatoid 
▫	Osteoarthritis 
•	Osteoporosis
•	Gout
A

• Arthritis= joint inflammation
▫ Rheumatoid (bilateral) (attacking own body)
▫ Osteoarthritis (wear and tear)
• Osteoporosis= porous bones
• Gout (uric acid accumulates in blood) (feet)

Nurs 202 (20 decks)

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