Lecture 3 Infection control Flashcards
Infection Control
Practices or techniques that control or prevent transmission of infection help to create an environment that protects and health care workers from disease
Infection Control has 2 purposes:
1) Protecting pts from acquiring infections
2) Protecting health care workers from becoming infected
Chain Of Control 7
Infectious Agent Reservoir Portal of Exit Mod of transmission Portal of entry Host Pathogen
Infectious Agent
A. Microorganisms
- Pathogen = produces infection
- Non-pathogen = don’t produce infection
B. Exogenous = External (outside your body)
C. Endogenous = Internal
- Normal Flora overgrowth
- Yeast infection
- Flora goes to a different body cavity
To produce disease depends on: 5
-Number
-Virulence
-Ability to produce disease
-Entry and survival in host
-Susceptibility of host
(Weak immune systems)
Antibiotic-Resistant organisms:
MRSA = Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
VRE = Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Reservoir 3
A place where pathogens are stored
Waste, Mucus membrane, Animals (rabies)
To survive pathogens require:
Food
Oxygen- Aerobic (strep) vs anaerobic (tetnis)
Water (except spore forming)
Temperature (temperature move to kill off pathogens)
pH
Light (moist dark environment)
Portal of exit
Path to leave reservoir
Body openings, breaks in skin, mucous membranes
Requires fluid to leave
Modes of Transmission
From reservoir to host
Transmission mode:
Contact
- Direct - direct skin to skin contact
- indirect - contaminated object
- Droplet - large particles propelled onto host
Airborne- small particles in air inhaled by host (more then 1 meter)
Vehicles - Single contaminated source (fountain)
Vectors - Insects or pests
Host
- Susceptibility- depends on host’s degree of resistance to a pathogen
- Resistance increased by immunizations and exposure to disease
- Resistance decreased by compromised immune system (immunocompromised)
Infectious Process
Localized
Systemic (entire body)
Defenses (non -specific)
Normal Flora
-Antibiotics wipe out normal flora
Body defense mechanisms - Skin, saliva, tears, cilia, urine, stomach acid, vaginal sections
Inflammation
- body response to injury or infection
- S&S = itching, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
Inflammatory Response:
- Vascular and Cellular responses
- Inflammatory Exudate
- Tissue Repair
- Vascular and Cellular responses
Blood vessels dilate = redness and heat
Blood vessels increased permeability = swelling
Pressure on nerves = pain
Enough swelling = loss of function
