Lecture 8 Child Anxiety Flashcards
Internalising disorders
anxiety disorders
mood / depressive disorders
externalising disorders
ODD
ADHD
conduct disorder
developmental disorders
autism
learning disorders
DSM-4 Anxiety disorders (same as adults)
- specific disorders
- OCD
- GAD
- PTSD
- social phobia
- panic disorder
1 category specific to childhood onset
SAD (before age 18)
diagnostic issues
- limited validity– of differentiation among anxiety disorders
- not as specific compared to adults
- anxiety vs depression– hard to differentiate– child hard to express what they feel
DSM-5 Anxiety disorders (order of onset)
- SAD
- Selective mutism
- specific phobia
- social anxiety disorder– adolescence
- panic disorder
- agoraphobia
- GAD
SAD
A. developmentally inappropriate, rly scared or anxious about separation from caregiver
B. fear, anxiety, or avoidance– persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in kids and 6 months for adults
C. disturbance– clinically sig. impairment
D. not better explained by another disorder
SAD severity
depends on parents’ response
GAD
A. excessive anxiety and worry, occurs more day than not for at least 6 months-- about # of events (school work, school performance) B. Hard to control worry C. anxiety and worry associated with 3 or more 6 symptoms (but for children, only 1 required) - restlessness - easily fatigued - difficulty concentrating - irritability - muscle tension - sleep disturbance D. clinically sig. impairment E. not attributable to substance F. not better explained by another disorder
GAD in DSM-5
- rare in children
- have been worriers most of their lives
- onset= 30+ years
GAD kids need to be able to
- imagine chains (what if, what if)
- need to think about future a lot
- can switch imagery–> verbal
- cog. avoidance theory of worry
worrying in youth: cog. content in young adults
- worry more about: social outcomes, compared to physical stuff
young adults rate social outcomes
less aversive, more likely to occur
worrying in youth: cog. content in children
- worry more abt physical outcomes more than social stuff
children rate social outcomes
- less aversive, more likely to occur
- worry about things they can’t control about and adults worry more about problem solving things
moderated hierarchical regressions: older (10-12)
likelihood and cost explain worry equally
moderated hierarchical regressions: younger (7-9)
only cost has unique association with worry
Anxiety disorder treatment
- biological= SSRI
- psychological= CBT– cog. restructuring, exposure= positive reinforcement
- importance of parental involvement
