Lecture 8 Flashcards
What are club cells ?
On airway side of terminal bronchioles and are on the apical surface and look like golf balls. No cillia+ no basal bodies.
What are microfold cells ?
Mushroom shaped, have a hollow centre (basal pocket) attracted to the basement membrane. Found only small intestine, near lymphatic nodules
What are the COPDiseases?
Acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, ashthma, ephysema
Acute bronchitis?
<3 months. Breathelessness, cough, excess mucus production
Define epithelia?
sheets of contiguous cells of varied embryonic origin, that cover the external surface of the body and line internal surfaces, including the body’s vessels
Cell renewal rates for trachea, alveoli, goblet cells and club cells?
1-2 months
8 days
10 days
Never
Early stages to smoking
Mucus layer thickens
Cilia die off
Ciliagenesis- 2-4 days
Chronic stages to smoking
Goblet cells proliferate Club cells die Carcinogens induce mutations+ malignancy Pheumocytes in alveoli die Fibroblasts lay down scar tissue
Chronic bronchitis?
> 3 months. Chronic inflammation of bronchi+ bronchioles. Cough, excess mucus, breathelessness.
Emphysema?
- Permanent widening of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole.
- Airsac damage
- Shortness of breathe
Asthma?
- Caused by bronchospasm- tightening of smooth muscle layer in bronchi+ bronchioles
- Wheeze
- Shortness of breathe
- Chest tightness
- Cough
- Variable expiratory airflow
Cystic fibrosis?
Mutation in the CTFR gene, causes deficiency in chloride release. Chloride is an osmolyte hence less water available for mucins to attract. Causing sitcky + immovable mucus
Function of club cells
Protect bronchioles- Secrete protein uteroglobin+ use cytochrome P450 enzymes to detoxify harmful substances
Act as a Stem cell- Multiply+ differentiate into cilliates cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium
Function of microfold cells
-Trap pathogens
-Present to below dendritic cells that process and present to lymphocytes+ macrophages
They reside in the hollow centre to raise immune response
