Lecture 1- Homeostasis

Question 1

What are the effects of dehydration?

Answer 1

Not enough water in cells+ tissues
Cells+ tissues absorb water from interstitial space
Then from each other
Water absorbed from organs
Cell, tissue and organism death

Question 2

What are the effects of Water toxicity?

Answer 2

Cells take up too much water, cells undergo Osmolysis. Results in metabolic failure then organism death.

Question 3

Body water compartments?

Answer 3

2/3- Intracellular

1/3- extracellular- 25% Blood plasma. 75% interstitial fluid

Question 4

What is negative feedback?

Answer 4

The output of the process is put back into the system which is then compared to standard set of values

Question 5

What is positive feedback?

Answer 5

The output enhances/ exaggerates the original stimulus

Question 6

Difference between positive and negative feedback?

Answer 6

Positive feedback stops when the initiator ceases whereas negative feedback stops when the effector ceases.

Question 7

When does a person have the lowest body temp?

Answer 7

When sleeping

Question 8

Why and when do women have more fluctuations in core body temp?

Answer 8

Due to their menstrual cycle and when they ovulate

Question 9

What can result from a ph below the range? How can we combat it?

Answer 9

Metabolic acidosis- Increased production of metabolic acids (lactic acids) Inability to excrete via kidneys
Respiratory acidosis- arises from excessive build of CO2 due to hypoventilation
Infusion of bicarbonate solution may increase pH. Mechanical ventilation may drive CO2 out of body through lungs

Question 10

What are the symptoms and temp ranges for the hyperthermia illnesses?

Answer 10

Heat exhaustion- Above 46.5 degrees- Unconsciousness, confused, headache, dizzy
Heatstroke- Between 40.5- 46.5 degrees- Flushed dry skin, hot to the touch, strong bounding pulse
Fever- Between 36.5- 40.5 degrees- Pale sweaty skin, cramps in stomach, arms and legs

Question 11

What are the symptoms and temp rages for the hypothermia illnesses?

Answer 11

Mild hypothermia- between 36.5-32 degree- Shivering, fatigue, slurred speech, confusion, forgetfulness, muscle stiffness
Sever hypothermia- 32-28 degrees- Shivering stops, muscles become rigid, very slow and weak pulse, drowsiness
No vital signs- below 28 degrees- Unconsciousness, dilated pupils, pulse undetectable. Not dead until WARM and dead