Lecture 10

Question 1

What is a parafollicular cells?

Answer 1

Neuroendocrine cell- produces calcitonin
Major effect- inhibits onset last activity in bone
Minor effect- inhibits renal calcium and phosphate re-absorption in tubular cells , more calcium and phosphate excreted

Question 2

What does Medulla in the adrenal gland contain?

Answer 2

Medulla contains chromaffin cells that act as post-ganglionic and they release adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 3

What are the three zone for the cortex of the adrenal gland?

Answer 3

Glomerolus- produces aldesterone, regulates BP
Fasciculata- Produces glucocorticoids- mobilises fats+ proteins and carbohydrates but not during the starvation states
Reticularas- produces androgen precursors

Question 4

What are the component of the islet of langerhans?

Answer 4

Alpha- produces glucagon- gluconeogenesis- producing new glucose molecules. Breaks down glycogen into glucose. Decreases insulin levels
Beta- Increases insulin levels, decreases blood sugar
Delta- Somatostatin- inhibits both insulin and glucagon

Question 5

What is the pancreas an example of?

Answer 5

It exhibits both endocrine and exocrine gland.

The exocrine gland is acinus.

Question 6

What did each of the endocrine glands develop from?

Answer 6

Pituitary- neaurphyseal bud and hypophyseal pouch
Thyroid- floor of pharynx- 2nd pouch
Parathyroid + thymus- from the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
Adrenals- intermediate mesoderm+ neural crest

Question 7

What does the parathyroid glands do?

Answer 7

• Monitor plasma calcium conc

- Glands form parathyroid hormone which causes bone to release calcium into blood for absorption from the GI tract.