Lecture 16- Haemopoiesis

Question 1

2 types of progenitor differentiated from Hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 1

Common myeloid progenitor

Common Lymphoid progentir

Question 2

Eryhrocytes

Answer 2

Biconcave shape- increase SA for diffusion of gases
No mitochondria/ no nucleus- Maximise oxygen holding capabilities
Haemogoblin- Increase affinity for oxygen
120 day old life span
2-3 days to mature

Question 3

Erthyropeiosis

Answer 3

Bone marrow- Proerythroblast+ nucleus+ RNA
Shrinks until becomes a reticulocyte in Blood
Becomes RBS in blood

Question 4

Reticulocytes

Answer 4

Mature eryhtocryte BUT with little bit of RNA to help make haemoglobin

Question 5

How will the body stimulate more RBC?

Answer 5

Kidney sense tissue hypoxia
Secretes Erythropoietin
Stimulates the production of more RBC

Question 6

Granulocytes

Answer 6

Made from Myeloblast.
Presence of granules
Neutrophils- multilobed nucleus.
Basophils- Purple
Eosinophils- pinky/red

Question 7

Function of neutrophils

Answer 7

Phagocytosis- contains lysosymes
Acts as an antigen presenting cells
Respiratory burst- makes free radicals which damage DNA causing cell death

Question 8

Basophils

Answer 8

Bi-lobed nucleus
Contain Histamine+ heparin
Histamine- trigger inflammation

Question 9

Eosinophils

Answer 9

Phagocytosis of pathogens
Fight parasitic worms
2 separate nuclear lobes

Question 10

Granulopoiesis

Answer 10

Nuclear condensation+ lobular ion

Formation of granules

Question 11

Monocytes

Answer 11

Turn into macrophages
First line of defence
Unilobular
Phagocytosis pathogens 
Antigen-presenting cells

Question 12

Thromopoiesis

Answer 12

1) Formulation of thrombocytes
2) Hemocytoblast turns into megakaryoblast into megakaryocyte and forms blood in platelets

Regulated by thrombopoietin in the liver

Question 13

How are platelets released into the blood?

Answer 13

Cytoplasmic projections from the megakaryocyte is forced out between the epithelial cells of the sinusoid and not the gaps.

Question 14

B lymphocyte

Answer 14

Antibody production
ACTIVATED BY HELPTER T cell
B CELLS mature in the bone marrow

Question 15

T lymphocytes

Answer 15

T cells can kill virus cells
Stimulate B cells
Mature in thymus

Question 16

Natural killer cell

Answer 16

Destroys tumours

Question 17

Changes in site of haemopoiesis

Answer 17

Before birth- Liver+ spleen

Postnatal- Bone marrow

Question 18

Difference between serum+ plasma

Answer 18

Serum is plasma minus clotting factors

Question 19

Plasma

Answer 19

92% water
8% protein
Ions
Albumin
Clotting factors
Hormones, cytokines
Antibodies

Question 20

Plasma+ serum

Answer 20

Plasma - 55%
White blood cells- 1%
Red blood cells- 45%

Question 21

Alcoholic liver disease

Answer 21

Jaundice- Damaged liver, not producing enough thrombopoietin+ clotting factors
Oedema- Lack of production of albumin, reduces the on oncotic pressure